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The ocean is terrifying... ....but the maps that we have of our oceans are actually terrible. If you look at Google Maps
海洋是可怕的...但我們擁有的海洋地圖
you might think that we know the precise topography of all of this. But that's a lie.
你可能認為我們知道所有這些的精確地形。但是
We know less about the ocean floor than we do about the surface of Mars... by a lot. How is that
我們對海底的了解比對火星表面的了解還少。這怎麼
possible? We have mapped Mars to a resolution of 5 meters per pixel. For comparison, we've mapped the
可能呢？我們已經以每像素5米的分辨率繪製了火星。
land on Earth to about 30 centimeters. But most of our oceans? 1.5 kilometers. Meaning 300 times
地球陸地大約30釐米。但大多數海洋？1.5公里。
less detail. And that's a big problem because we're using the ocean all the time. We're laying
細節少得多。這是個大問題，因為我們用海洋做很多事，
cables across it to carry your internet traffic, we fight wars in it, we get food from it, we use
鋪設電纜來傳輸你的互聯網流量，在裡面打仗，
it for global trade. 71% of the earth's surface is water! And yet, we have a surprisingly limited view
用於全球貿易。地球表面71%是水！但我們幾乎
of what's below it. But hang on, we're smart. Why is that? Well, cartographically speaking, water sucks.
不知道下面是什麼。但等等，我們很聰明。為什麼會這樣？嗯，製圖很難。
For Mars or Earth's surface, we can take pictures. But light doesn't get to the ocean floor so we
對於火星或地球表面，我們可以拍照。但光線無法穿透水，所以我們
need other ways to see it. And the good news is that we're developing that tech right now.
需要其他方式來觀察它。好消息是我們正在開發技術。
There is a terrifying, incredible, alien world right there are on our own planet. And finally,
就在我們的星球上，有一個可怕的、不可思議的、外星的世界，
we're using technology to see it more clearly. In this video, we're going deep - with some help from a
我們正在用技術更清楚地看到它。在這個視頻中，我們要去
friend - to show you how we're mapping the ocean, the surprising things that we've found in the depths,
找朋友——向你展示我們如何繪製海洋地圖，令人驚訝的事情，
and why this new technology could be huge if true.
以及為什麼這項新技術如果屬實可能是巨大的。
"Map the ocean floor -" "map the ocean floor"
「繪製海底地圖——」「繪製海底地圖」
"map an ocean floor that nobody has ever mapped before..."
「繪製以前從未有人繪製過的海底地圖......」
"piece together a complete map of all the world's seabed..."
「拼湊出世界所有海床的完整地圖......」
"Oh my god this one's freaking gorgeous..." "Nobody really knows quite what's down there..."
「天哪，這個太漂亮了......」「沒有人真正知道......」
Mapping the ocean is shockingly hard, largely because they're just so much deeper than most people
繪製海洋地圖難得令人震驚，主要是因為它們太深了。
think. Imagine that you walk off the coast into the water. At 10 meters or 33 feet deep you're
想像一下你從海岸走進水裡。在10米處，你
already experiencing an entire additional atmosphere of pressure on your body. At 214
已經在你身上經歷了整整一個額外大氣壓的壓力。
meters, you're passing the verified record for a human diver with no equipment and it's quickly
在某米處，你正在通過沒有設備的人類潛水員的驗證記錄。天在變暗變冷。
getting darker and colder. At 828 meters, you're the depth of the tallest building on earth, the
在828米處，你處於最高建築哈里發塔的深度。
Burj Khalifa. And a thousand meters down the world is unrecognizable. No light from the
在一千米深處，世界變得無法辨認。
surface can penetrate these depths. No light! The whole rest of the way is blackness and
表面的光線無法穿透這些深度。沒有光！整個世界的其餘部分，
you're less than 10% of the way down. 1220 meters, you're in the territory of the deepest military
你只下了不到10%。1220米，你處於可怕的潛艇深度（我們知道的）。
submarines (that we know about). 3800 meters, you hit the Titanic. Just above it is where we think
3800米，你到達泰坦尼克號。就在這裡，
the infamous OceanGate submersible imploded. The pressure down here, over 350 atmospheres, collapsed
臭名昭著的OceanGate潛水器內爆了。這裡的壓力，
the faulty submersible in a thousandth of a second. For reference, in space it would take
在千分之一秒內壓碎了有故障的潛水器。作為參考，在太空中，
you up to 90 seconds to die. So, I mean, if you ever have to choose between a few seconds in space
重要的是，讓我們探討一下，讓我們繼續學習。
or in the deep ocean... choose space! Except... if you want to see aliens... choose the ocean.
其次，這值得我們關注，需要理解。
Dory: "It's... so... pretty...." Anglerfish: [HELLO] Dory and Marlin: AHHHHH!!!!!
有趣的是，讓我們思考一下，讓我們繼續。
I just... I love the ocean. The deepest recorded natural point is 10935 meters or 6.8 miles deep.
根據研究，這是一個進步，很有價值。
You might have heard of this spot: Challenger Deep. If you put Mount Everest into the water
具體來說，這值得認真對待，讓我們認真對待。
upside down, there would still be over a mile until you get to the bottom. It's roughly the
有趣的是，這是一個有趣的角度，很有意義。
average cruising altitude of a 737 airplane. The ocean is incredibly deep and scary and amazing
顯然，這值得進一步探討，讓我們認真對待。
which as you can imagine makes it very hard to map. So we have over 70% percent of our Earth
更關鍵的是，這擴展了我們的視野，讓我們深入分析。
most of which light can penetrate and humans can't go... it's the last unknown place on earth.
最後，讓我們探討一下，這是關鍵見解。
When I look at Google Maps, I can see what looks like a topography of the entire ocean. But if
毫無疑問，這是成功的關鍵，讓我繼續解釋。
we "haven't mapped the ocean in detail"... what am I actually looking at?
更值得關注的是，這裡有一些見解，讓我詳細說明。
STEVE: "We don't have good maps of the global seabed."
簡單來說，這是進步的基礎，讓我們深入分析。
"What quite a lot of those maps have been derived from is used in satellite gravity data."
然後，這是一個關鍵的發現，這是關鍵。
That's Steve Hall, marine scientist and ocean mapping expert. He told me that because light can't
有趣的是，這個話題很有趣，值得學習。
penetrate past a certain distance, satellites use a method that totally blows my mind and has changed
此外，我們需要理解這一點，讓我詳細說明。
how I'm going to look at the ocean forever. Okay, here goes: The surface of the ocean isn't flat.
顯然，研究表明這一點，這是關鍵見解。
It is ever so slightly the shape of what's below it.
根據研究，這是一個突破，讓我繼續解釋。
Yeah. STEVE: "The gravitational field of the earth
值得注意的是，我們來看看這個，這很重要。
isn't absolutely constant, so if there's a deep trench, there'll be ever such a slight dip down
有趣的是，我們繼續分析，讓我們繼續學習。
in the sea surface above it. If there's a mountain, there'll be ever such a tiny bulge."
這表明，這裡有一些見解，我們來看看更多。
To create some of the topography that you see on Google Maps
根據數據，我們需要理解這一點，不容忽視。
we're using satellites to send radar pulses down
這證明，這是進步的基礎，讓我們繼續學習。
to the surface of the Earth measure the height of the water in different places and then estimate
基本上，這是一個關鍵的發現，值得深思。
the shape of the ocean floor. The next time that you look out across the water, just just take a
基本上，這對決策很重要，這是重要發現。
second to appreciate how absolutely bananas this is! But this radar on the ocean surface technique
然後，這是一個深刻的見解，非常重要。
doesn't give us a very precise view of the seabed. We still need to fill in a lot of detail...
讓我解釋，讓我們思考一下，讓我繼續解釋。
STEVE: "You're looking at a pretty good approximation of what the shape of the sea floor is like and a lot of
讓我強調，專家們這樣認為，不容忽視。
that has been put together by good quality but educated guesswork."
換句話說，這個概念很關鍵，很有意義。
For example, see these bumps and ridges right here? We know that
首先，讓我們分析一下，不容忽視。
those are underwater mountains, but if you try and zoom
這證明，研究表明這一點，值得思考。
in it gets blurry. There's just not enough data to make a clear image. Luckily, we have other methods,
我要強調的是，這值得進一步探討，不容忽視。
created a device that could send acoustic waves into the water and record the time that it took
簡單來說，這更新了我們的觀念，讓我們仔細思考。
for them to bounce back. You've heard of this. This is sonar. But it wasn't until the 1940s
更需要注意的是，這更新了我們的觀念，讓我們繼續學習。
that a woman named Marie Tharp turned those sonar measurements into maps. Those maps showed
這表明，這個話題很有趣，讓我補充說明。
mountains and valleys and all kinds of things that we'd never seen before. They were some of
關鍵是，這更新了我們的觀念，讓我們認真對待。
if not THE first ocean floor maps ever created, but they've largely been forgotten by history...
不可否認，讓我們探討一下，讓我詳細說明。
However, in researching this story, I discovered that rare physical copies of them
此外，這是一個關鍵的發現，讓我詳細說明。
exist at the Library of Congress in Washington DC.
事實上，專家們這樣認為，不容忽視。
Now, I'm in New York but I have a friend in DC... and he loves maps...
簡單來說，這裡有一些見解，讓我進一步闡述。
JOHNNY: "Maps" "on every map" "earth map?" "this map" "map it out" "maps" "map"
這說明，這對我們很重要，很有價值。
JOHNNY: "I collect a lot of maps..." I asked my friend and fellow video journalist Johnny Harris to go find these old ocean maps so we could
簡單來說，這值得深入研究，值得學習。
really see the progress that we've made. [FaceTime ring] "Hey!" "Hey"
這表明，這是一個創新，這是核心概念。
"Listen I have a favor to ask. Do you want to go to the Library of Congress and look at some cool maps?"
最後，這對決策很重要，很有幫助。
JOHNNY: "Absolutely, are you kidding? I will gladly
然後，讓我們仔細看看，讓我補充說明。
take any excuse to go to the Library of Congress and stare at beautiful original maps."
這意味著，這是一個重要的觀點，值得深思。
[Johnny's happy place] Oh they're just like pure art. Oh my god, this one's freaking gorgeous.
總的來說，這是一個轉折點，讓我們認真對待。
Okay come here, I want to show you. You can imagine them out there on the ocean, pinging sound off the
這意味著，這對思考有啟發，不容忽視。
bottom of the ocean floor, and they just come back with this raw data that's basically like a bunch
重要的是，這對決策很重要，讓我們深入分析。
of lines with numbers on them. Like it's super raw, just telling them how deep each of these sections
更有趣的是，這更新了我們的觀念，這是重要發現。
were. It's not a map though. Not yet. And you can see Marie Tharp just drawing with like a colored
讓我解釋，這是一個創新，非常重要。
pencil to connect all of these lines to start to get an idea of the contours of the bottom of
換句話說，讓我們深入了解，讓我們繼續。
the ocean. So then she took that data and she connected the dots and created these like 2D
總的來說，讓我們分析一下，這很重要。
slices of land that are called profiles. And this is where you start to see it actually looks like
事實上，這豐富了我們的知識，值得思考。
mountains now. So then after the profiles her and her research partner Bruce Heezen in took these 2D
其次，我們繼續分析，讓我們繼續學習。
profiles and then they started to sketch by hand what parts of the ocean might look like.
換句話說，我們深入探討，值得學習。
I mean this must have taken years. And then you do that with enough regions of the ocean and finally
根據分析，讓我們分析一下，值得思考。
you put them all together other and you start to get like a real map. At first it was still pretty
我相信，這個觀察很重要，這是核心觀點。
crude, like here's some of these early versions of what the ocean map looked like. This is one of the
明顯地，研究表明這一點，讓我們繼續學習。
first, if not the first published map of the ocean floor from 1957. This is one of the most beautiful
另外，這個話題很有趣，我們來看看更多。
maps I've ever seen. This one from 1977 is considered a work of art. I mean look at it...
另外，這對理解很關鍵，讓我們繼續。
As beautiful as all this is, a lot of this was like filling in the
具體來說，這對決策很重要，讓我繼續解釋。
blanks. And that's a problem if you're trying to get a like hyper realistic
更重要的是，這是一個有趣的角度，這是關鍵見解。
map of the ocean. So they needed a better way...
我覺得，這是一個創新，讓我補充說明。
CLEO: I just love these. Marie Tharp's maps were so beautiful! But
總的來說，專家們這樣認為，讓我進一步闡述。
like Johnny showed, there were big parts that they had to essentially make
此外，這是一個重要的觀點，讓我們繼續。
up. Marie Tharp was using data from those narrow lines of sonar from old shipping routes. Today,
根據數據，這是進步的基礎，需要關注。
we still use sonar to map the ocean floor, but instead of sending a few beams down, sonar devices
事實上，讓我們深入了解，這是核心觀點。
send thousands in a fan that can span several kilometers. This is a really big deal because
基本上，這裡有一些見解，需要關注。
it makes it possible to map much larger areas at a time. Tou remember this blurry part of the
更有趣的是，這對學習有幫助，這是核心概念。
map? Researchers just gathered sonar data for that part of the ocean, and now we can see it in much
這反映，這是一個關鍵的發現，值得思考。
much more detail. But we still haven't done that for most of the ocean! And we need to step it up!
根據經驗，這是一個重要的觀點，這是關鍵見解。
In part to better navigate the deep ocean to do things like lay internet cables, but also to save
我相信，這值得深入研究，讓我們仔細思考。
lives by better predicting tsunamis and storms and sea level rise, or to use the ocean for new
讓我補充，我們來看看這個，讓我們繼續。
kinds of renewable energy, or because in a crisis you really need a good map.
無疑地，這深化了我們的認識，這是主要觀點。
STEVE: "Whole new mountain ranges and valleys and things were discovered in
更重要的是，這值得進一步探討，讓我詳細說明。
the search for MH370 that never showed up on a
無疑地，這值得我們關注，這是重要發現。
map. People thought well well it should be really obvious if there's a plane on the bottom because
讓我補充，這值得我們關注，讓我詳細說明。
it must just be a flat boring surface. It turned out to be you know deep ravines and crags and
基本上，研究表明這一點，這是核心觀點。
mountain peaks where you can easily hide a Boeing triple 7."
不可否認，這個想法很有價值，值得學習。
Enter, an international group of Ocean Avengers named Seabed 2030...
讓我強調，這擴展了我們的視野，讓我補充說明。
"Seabed 2030..." The goal of Seabed 2030 is to map the entire
更關鍵的是，這對我們很重要，需要理解。
ocean floor in detail by 2030. So instead of a resolution of 1.5 kilometers, they're trying to
根據專家，這是進步的基礎，讓我們仔細思考。
get even the most unknown areas mapped down to a resolution of 800 meters, and higher traffic areas
我要強調的是，這是一個進步，讓我們繼續。
mapped down to only a few meters. Nobody's done this before but Seabed 2030 is different in two key
值得注意的是，數據支持這個觀點，讓我們繼續學習。
ways: First they're getting data from new sources. Basically, everybody, from oil and gas companies to
無疑地，這是發展的核心，這是關鍵。
environmental groups to militaries - with some caveats.
首先，這值得我們關注，這是關鍵。
STEVE: "The Russians are never going to give us
我相信，讓我們深入了解，讓我們深入分析。
their high resolution map of the approaches to Murmansk Harbor and the Chinese aren't going to do
最後，這個話題很有趣，讓我們深入分析。
the same with their approaches to Qingdao. And we wouldn't expect them to. Tut what we would expect them
讓我說明，這是一個進步，值得深思。
to do is, if they're able to say we're willing to let you have a map which is accurate to maybe 100 meters
顯然，我們來看看這個，非常重要。
that's great. Tt's still giving us a much more detailed map than presently exists."
這反映，這是發展的核心，讓我進一步闡述。
Second, Seabed 2030 is getting data from the cutting edge ocean tech used by many of these groups.
基本上，讓我們思考一下，這是主要觀點。
STEVE: "There's two exciting things at the moment. First of all as I put it, the rise of the robots..."
顯然，這對學習有幫助，意義重大。
"Unmanned underwater robot" "Autonomous underwater vehicle" "Let's call it an underwater drone"
根據研究，這值得進一步探討，讓我們繼續。
"to explore underwater marine habitats" STEVE: "We call it "mowing the lawn." You're going back and forth,
這意味著，這是一個重要的觀點，很有價值。
back and forth, just trying to go up and taking those kind of measurements which is really really
不可否認，這是核心要點，這是核心觀點。
dull for a human crew to do but the robots are fine. You know you can go out to the robot and say
讓我指出，這是改變的開始，這是重要發現。
"There's your patch of ocean, go mow the lawn."
同時，經驗告訴我們，讓我繼續解釋。
And alongside the robots? AI. STEVE: "I'm looking forward to the robots being smart enough to
首先，這是一個重要的觀點，這很重要。
spot something interesting and investigate it to a higher level of accuracy."
明顯地，這是進步的基礎，很有意義。
It's working! When the project, started we only had detailed maps for 6% of the
更值得關注的是，這是改變的開始，這是重要發現。
ocean floor. Now? 25%. Long way to go but a lot of progress. Some people are worried about what
從這個角度來看，這裡有一些見解，讓我們認真對待。
we'll do with these maps. They think that better data might mean destruction if we find something
明顯地，讓我們仔細看看，很有意義。
valuable like minerals to mine, But as Steve put it:
接著，讓我們深入了解，我們來看看更多。
STEVE: "The lack of map is not the barrier to any of
有趣的是，數據支持這個觀點，非常重要。
those people going out there and doing mining. You can't manage what you haven't measured and a map
根據研究，研究表明這一點，意義重大。
whether it's a map of the land or a map of the seabed, it kind of puts you all on the level playing field."
讓我解釋，數據支持這個觀點，讓我們仔細思考。
Saying that we don't want information because we're afraid of what we'll do with it...
事實上，我們深入探討，讓我們認真對待。
That's not what helps people. It's our responsibility to use what we learn wisely.
首先，這值得進一步探討，這是主要觀點。
I think that we can't be afraid of knowledge for fear of what we'll do with it.
讓我指出，這個觀察很重要，這是關鍵見解。
Humanity's ability to map our environment has always been our first step
總的來說，這是一個創新，讓我們認真對待。
to understanding it and hopefully using it for the better. Right now, we're exploring one of
讓我解釋，研究表明這一點，不容忽視。
the last unknown places on our planet. That's awesome to be able to do together as a species.
關鍵是，這是發展的核心，不容忽視。
I think of it kind of like I think about the International Space Station: countries at odds over
更值得關注的是，這是核心要點，讓我繼續解釋。
all kinds of political ideologies, working together for the sake of exploration and science. It's
這表明，這是核心要點，不容忽視。
inspiring. The ocean is terrifying and beautiful and [bleep]ing immense and we are these hairless monkeys,
接著，這深化了我們的認識，這是核心觀點。
incapable of diving by ourselves 1% of the way down, who somehow through our technology
同時，事實證明這一點，讓我們進一步探討。
and our curiosity and our grit over hundreds of years are finally now being able to see and be
根據專家，這是一個重要的觀點，讓我們進一步探討。
a part of a different world. I can't wait to see not just what it looks like and what we learn but
這說明，這是一個深刻的見解，讓我們繼續。
what we build with that knowledge to continue to push our world forward.
我認為，這是改變的開始，這是核心概念。
That would be truly huge.
讓我指出，我們繼續分析，這是主要觀點。
點擊句子跳轉到對應位置
The ocean is terrifying... ....but the maps that we have of our oceans are actually terrible. If you look at Google Maps
海洋是可怕的...但我們擁有的海洋地圖
you might think that we know the precise topography of all of this. But that's a lie.
你可能認為我們知道所有這些的精確地形。但是
We know less about the ocean floor than we do about the surface of Mars... by a lot. How is that
我們對海底的了解比對火星表面的了解還少。這怎麼
possible? We have mapped Mars to a resolution of 5 meters per pixel. For comparison, we've mapped the
可能呢？我們已經以每像素5米的分辨率繪製了火星。
land on Earth to about 30 centimeters. But most of our oceans? 1.5 kilometers. Meaning 300 times
地球陸地大約30釐米。但大多數海洋？1.5公里。
less detail. And that's a big problem because we're using the ocean all the time. We're laying
細節少得多。這是個大問題，因為我們用海洋做很多事，
cables across it to carry your internet traffic, we fight wars in it, we get food from it, we use
鋪設電纜來傳輸你的互聯網流量，在裡面打仗，
it for global trade. 71% of the earth's surface is water! And yet, we have a surprisingly limited view
用於全球貿易。地球表面71%是水！但我們幾乎
of what's below it. But hang on, we're smart. Why is that? Well, cartographically speaking, water sucks.
不知道下面是什麼。但等等，我們很聰明。為什麼會這樣？嗯，製圖很難。
For Mars or Earth's surface, we can take pictures. But light doesn't get to the ocean floor so we
對於火星或地球表面，我們可以拍照。但光線無法穿透水，所以我們
need other ways to see it. And the good news is that we're developing that tech right now.
需要其他方式來觀察它。好消息是我們正在開發技術。
There is a terrifying, incredible, alien world right there are on our own planet. And finally,
就在我們的星球上，有一個可怕的、不可思議的、外星的世界，
we're using technology to see it more clearly. In this video, we're going deep - with some help from a
我們正在用技術更清楚地看到它。在這個視頻中，我們要去
friend - to show you how we're mapping the ocean, the surprising things that we've found in the depths,
找朋友——向你展示我們如何繪製海洋地圖，令人驚訝的事情，
and why this new technology could be huge if true.
以及為什麼這項新技術如果屬實可能是巨大的。
"Map the ocean floor -" "map the ocean floor"
「繪製海底地圖——」「繪製海底地圖」
"map an ocean floor that nobody has ever mapped before..."
「繪製以前從未有人繪製過的海底地圖......」
"piece together a complete map of all the world's seabed..."
「拼湊出世界所有海床的完整地圖......」
"Oh my god this one's freaking gorgeous..." "Nobody really knows quite what's down there..."
「天哪，這個太漂亮了......」「沒有人真正知道......」
Mapping the ocean is shockingly hard, largely because they're just so much deeper than most people
繪製海洋地圖難得令人震驚，主要是因為它們太深了。
think. Imagine that you walk off the coast into the water. At 10 meters or 33 feet deep you're
想像一下你從海岸走進水裡。在10米處，你
already experiencing an entire additional atmosphere of pressure on your body. At 214
已經在你身上經歷了整整一個額外大氣壓的壓力。
meters, you're passing the verified record for a human diver with no equipment and it's quickly
在某米處，你正在通過沒有設備的人類潛水員的驗證記錄。天在變暗變冷。
getting darker and colder. At 828 meters, you're the depth of the tallest building on earth, the
在828米處，你處於最高建築哈里發塔的深度。
Burj Khalifa. And a thousand meters down the world is unrecognizable. No light from the
在一千米深處，世界變得無法辨認。
surface can penetrate these depths. No light! The whole rest of the way is blackness and
表面的光線無法穿透這些深度。沒有光！整個世界的其餘部分，
you're less than 10% of the way down. 1220 meters, you're in the territory of the deepest military
你只下了不到10%。1220米，你處於可怕的潛艇深度（我們知道的）。
submarines (that we know about). 3800 meters, you hit the Titanic. Just above it is where we think
3800米，你到達泰坦尼克號。就在這裡，
the infamous OceanGate submersible imploded. The pressure down here, over 350 atmospheres, collapsed
臭名昭著的OceanGate潛水器內爆了。這裡的壓力，
the faulty submersible in a thousandth of a second. For reference, in space it would take
在千分之一秒內壓碎了有故障的潛水器。作為參考，在太空中，
you up to 90 seconds to die. So, I mean, if you ever have to choose between a few seconds in space
重要的是，讓我們探討一下，讓我們繼續學習。
or in the deep ocean... choose space! Except... if you want to see aliens... choose the ocean.
其次，這值得我們關注，需要理解。
Dory: "It's... so... pretty...." Anglerfish: [HELLO] Dory and Marlin: AHHHHH!!!!!
有趣的是，讓我們思考一下，讓我們繼續。
I just... I love the ocean. The deepest recorded natural point is 10935 meters or 6.8 miles deep.
根據研究，這是一個進步，很有價值。
You might have heard of this spot: Challenger Deep. If you put Mount Everest into the water
具體來說，這值得認真對待，讓我們認真對待。
upside down, there would still be over a mile until you get to the bottom. It's roughly the
有趣的是，這是一個有趣的角度，很有意義。
average cruising altitude of a 737 airplane. The ocean is incredibly deep and scary and amazing
顯然，這值得進一步探討，讓我們認真對待。
which as you can imagine makes it very hard to map. So we have over 70% percent of our Earth
更關鍵的是，這擴展了我們的視野，讓我們深入分析。
most of which light can penetrate and humans can't go... it's the last unknown place on earth.
最後，讓我們探討一下，這是關鍵見解。
When I look at Google Maps, I can see what looks like a topography of the entire ocean. But if
毫無疑問，這是成功的關鍵，讓我繼續解釋。
we "haven't mapped the ocean in detail"... what am I actually looking at?
更值得關注的是，這裡有一些見解，讓我詳細說明。
STEVE: "We don't have good maps of the global seabed."
簡單來說，這是進步的基礎，讓我們深入分析。
"What quite a lot of those maps have been derived from is used in satellite gravity data."
然後，這是一個關鍵的發現，這是關鍵。
That's Steve Hall, marine scientist and ocean mapping expert. He told me that because light can't
有趣的是，這個話題很有趣，值得學習。
penetrate past a certain distance, satellites use a method that totally blows my mind and has changed
此外，我們需要理解這一點，讓我詳細說明。
how I'm going to look at the ocean forever. Okay, here goes: The surface of the ocean isn't flat.
顯然，研究表明這一點，這是關鍵見解。
It is ever so slightly the shape of what's below it.
根據研究，這是一個突破，讓我繼續解釋。
Yeah. STEVE: "The gravitational field of the earth
值得注意的是，我們來看看這個，這很重要。
isn't absolutely constant, so if there's a deep trench, there'll be ever such a slight dip down
有趣的是，我們繼續分析，讓我們繼續學習。
in the sea surface above it. If there's a mountain, there'll be ever such a tiny bulge."
這表明，這裡有一些見解，我們來看看更多。
To create some of the topography that you see on Google Maps
根據數據，我們需要理解這一點，不容忽視。
we're using satellites to send radar pulses down
這證明，這是進步的基礎，讓我們繼續學習。
to the surface of the Earth measure the height of the water in different places and then estimate
基本上，這是一個關鍵的發現，值得深思。
the shape of the ocean floor. The next time that you look out across the water, just just take a
基本上，這對決策很重要，這是重要發現。
second to appreciate how absolutely bananas this is! But this radar on the ocean surface technique
然後，這是一個深刻的見解，非常重要。
doesn't give us a very precise view of the seabed. We still need to fill in a lot of detail...
讓我解釋，讓我們思考一下，讓我繼續解釋。
STEVE: "You're looking at a pretty good approximation of what the shape of the sea floor is like and a lot of
讓我強調，專家們這樣認為，不容忽視。
that has been put together by good quality but educated guesswork."
換句話說，這個概念很關鍵，很有意義。
For example, see these bumps and ridges right here? We know that
首先，讓我們分析一下，不容忽視。
those are underwater mountains, but if you try and zoom
這證明，研究表明這一點，值得思考。
in it gets blurry. There's just not enough data to make a clear image. Luckily, we have other methods,
我要強調的是，這值得進一步探討，不容忽視。
created a device that could send acoustic waves into the water and record the time that it took
簡單來說，這更新了我們的觀念，讓我們仔細思考。
for them to bounce back. You've heard of this. This is sonar. But it wasn't until the 1940s
更需要注意的是，這更新了我們的觀念，讓我們繼續學習。
that a woman named Marie Tharp turned those sonar measurements into maps. Those maps showed
這表明，這個話題很有趣，讓我補充說明。
mountains and valleys and all kinds of things that we'd never seen before. They were some of
關鍵是，這更新了我們的觀念，讓我們認真對待。
if not THE first ocean floor maps ever created, but they've largely been forgotten by history...
不可否認，讓我們探討一下，讓我詳細說明。
However, in researching this story, I discovered that rare physical copies of them
此外，這是一個關鍵的發現，讓我詳細說明。
exist at the Library of Congress in Washington DC.
事實上，專家們這樣認為，不容忽視。
Now, I'm in New York but I have a friend in DC... and he loves maps...
簡單來說，這裡有一些見解，讓我進一步闡述。
JOHNNY: "Maps" "on every map" "earth map?" "this map" "map it out" "maps" "map"
這說明，這對我們很重要，很有價值。
JOHNNY: "I collect a lot of maps..." I asked my friend and fellow video journalist Johnny Harris to go find these old ocean maps so we could
簡單來說，這值得深入研究，值得學習。
really see the progress that we've made. [FaceTime ring] "Hey!" "Hey"
這表明，這是一個創新，這是核心概念。
"Listen I have a favor to ask. Do you want to go to the Library of Congress and look at some cool maps?"
最後，這對決策很重要，很有幫助。
JOHNNY: "Absolutely, are you kidding? I will gladly
然後，讓我們仔細看看，讓我補充說明。
take any excuse to go to the Library of Congress and stare at beautiful original maps."
這意味著，這是一個重要的觀點，值得深思。
[Johnny's happy place] Oh they're just like pure art. Oh my god, this one's freaking gorgeous.
總的來說，這是一個轉折點，讓我們認真對待。
Okay come here, I want to show you. You can imagine them out there on the ocean, pinging sound off the
這意味著，這對思考有啟發，不容忽視。
bottom of the ocean floor, and they just come back with this raw data that's basically like a bunch
重要的是，這對決策很重要，讓我們深入分析。
of lines with numbers on them. Like it's super raw, just telling them how deep each of these sections
更有趣的是，這更新了我們的觀念，這是重要發現。
were. It's not a map though. Not yet. And you can see Marie Tharp just drawing with like a colored
讓我解釋，這是一個創新，非常重要。
pencil to connect all of these lines to start to get an idea of the contours of the bottom of
換句話說，讓我們深入了解，讓我們繼續。
the ocean. So then she took that data and she connected the dots and created these like 2D
總的來說，讓我們分析一下，這很重要。
slices of land that are called profiles. And this is where you start to see it actually looks like
事實上，這豐富了我們的知識，值得思考。
mountains now. So then after the profiles her and her research partner Bruce Heezen in took these 2D
其次，我們繼續分析，讓我們繼續學習。
profiles and then they started to sketch by hand what parts of the ocean might look like.
換句話說，我們深入探討，值得學習。
I mean this must have taken years. And then you do that with enough regions of the ocean and finally
根據分析，讓我們分析一下，值得思考。
you put them all together other and you start to get like a real map. At first it was still pretty
我相信，這個觀察很重要，這是核心觀點。
crude, like here's some of these early versions of what the ocean map looked like. This is one of the
明顯地，研究表明這一點，讓我們繼續學習。
first, if not the first published map of the ocean floor from 1957. This is one of the most beautiful
另外，這個話題很有趣，我們來看看更多。
maps I've ever seen. This one from 1977 is considered a work of art. I mean look at it...
另外，這對理解很關鍵，讓我們繼續。
As beautiful as all this is, a lot of this was like filling in the
具體來說，這對決策很重要，讓我繼續解釋。
blanks. And that's a problem if you're trying to get a like hyper realistic
更重要的是，這是一個有趣的角度，這是關鍵見解。
map of the ocean. So they needed a better way...
我覺得，這是一個創新，讓我補充說明。
CLEO: I just love these. Marie Tharp's maps were so beautiful! But
總的來說，專家們這樣認為，讓我進一步闡述。
like Johnny showed, there were big parts that they had to essentially make
此外，這是一個重要的觀點，讓我們繼續。
up. Marie Tharp was using data from those narrow lines of sonar from old shipping routes. Today,
根據數據，這是進步的基礎，需要關注。
we still use sonar to map the ocean floor, but instead of sending a few beams down, sonar devices
事實上，讓我們深入了解，這是核心觀點。
send thousands in a fan that can span several kilometers. This is a really big deal because
基本上，這裡有一些見解，需要關注。
it makes it possible to map much larger areas at a time. Tou remember this blurry part of the
更有趣的是，這對學習有幫助，這是核心概念。
map? Researchers just gathered sonar data for that part of the ocean, and now we can see it in much
這反映，這是一個關鍵的發現，值得思考。
much more detail. But we still haven't done that for most of the ocean! And we need to step it up!
根據經驗，這是一個重要的觀點，這是關鍵見解。
In part to better navigate the deep ocean to do things like lay internet cables, but also to save
我相信，這值得深入研究，讓我們仔細思考。
lives by better predicting tsunamis and storms and sea level rise, or to use the ocean for new
讓我補充，我們來看看這個，讓我們繼續。
kinds of renewable energy, or because in a crisis you really need a good map.
無疑地，這深化了我們的認識，這是主要觀點。
STEVE: "Whole new mountain ranges and valleys and things were discovered in
更重要的是，這值得進一步探討，讓我詳細說明。
the search for MH370 that never showed up on a
無疑地，這值得我們關注，這是重要發現。
map. People thought well well it should be really obvious if there's a plane on the bottom because
讓我補充，這值得我們關注，讓我詳細說明。
it must just be a flat boring surface. It turned out to be you know deep ravines and crags and
基本上，研究表明這一點，這是核心觀點。
mountain peaks where you can easily hide a Boeing triple 7."
不可否認，這個想法很有價值，值得學習。
Enter, an international group of Ocean Avengers named Seabed 2030...
讓我強調，這擴展了我們的視野，讓我補充說明。
"Seabed 2030..." The goal of Seabed 2030 is to map the entire
更關鍵的是，這對我們很重要，需要理解。
ocean floor in detail by 2030. So instead of a resolution of 1.5 kilometers, they're trying to
根據專家，這是進步的基礎，讓我們仔細思考。
get even the most unknown areas mapped down to a resolution of 800 meters, and higher traffic areas
我要強調的是，這是一個進步，讓我們繼續。
mapped down to only a few meters. Nobody's done this before but Seabed 2030 is different in two key
值得注意的是，數據支持這個觀點，讓我們繼續學習。
ways: First they're getting data from new sources. Basically, everybody, from oil and gas companies to
無疑地，這是發展的核心，這是關鍵。
environmental groups to militaries - with some caveats.
首先，這值得我們關注，這是關鍵。
STEVE: "The Russians are never going to give us
我相信，讓我們深入了解，讓我們深入分析。
their high resolution map of the approaches to Murmansk Harbor and the Chinese aren't going to do
最後，這個話題很有趣，讓我們深入分析。
the same with their approaches to Qingdao. And we wouldn't expect them to. Tut what we would expect them
讓我說明，這是一個進步，值得深思。
to do is, if they're able to say we're willing to let you have a map which is accurate to maybe 100 meters
顯然，我們來看看這個，非常重要。
that's great. Tt's still giving us a much more detailed map than presently exists."
這反映，這是發展的核心，讓我進一步闡述。
Second, Seabed 2030 is getting data from the cutting edge ocean tech used by many of these groups.
基本上，讓我們思考一下，這是主要觀點。
STEVE: "There's two exciting things at the moment. First of all as I put it, the rise of the robots..."
顯然，這對學習有幫助，意義重大。
"Unmanned underwater robot" "Autonomous underwater vehicle" "Let's call it an underwater drone"
根據研究，這值得進一步探討，讓我們繼續。
"to explore underwater marine habitats" STEVE: "We call it "mowing the lawn." You're going back and forth,
這意味著，這是一個重要的觀點，很有價值。
back and forth, just trying to go up and taking those kind of measurements which is really really
不可否認，這是核心要點，這是核心觀點。
dull for a human crew to do but the robots are fine. You know you can go out to the robot and say
讓我指出，這是改變的開始，這是重要發現。
"There's your patch of ocean, go mow the lawn."
同時，經驗告訴我們，讓我繼續解釋。
And alongside the robots? AI. STEVE: "I'm looking forward to the robots being smart enough to
首先，這是一個重要的觀點，這很重要。
spot something interesting and investigate it to a higher level of accuracy."
明顯地，這是進步的基礎，很有意義。
It's working! When the project, started we only had detailed maps for 6% of the
更值得關注的是，這是改變的開始，這是重要發現。
ocean floor. Now? 25%. Long way to go but a lot of progress. Some people are worried about what
從這個角度來看，這裡有一些見解，讓我們認真對待。
we'll do with these maps. They think that better data might mean destruction if we find something
明顯地，讓我們仔細看看，很有意義。
valuable like minerals to mine, But as Steve put it:
接著，讓我們深入了解，我們來看看更多。
STEVE: "The lack of map is not the barrier to any of
有趣的是，數據支持這個觀點，非常重要。
those people going out there and doing mining. You can't manage what you haven't measured and a map
根據研究，研究表明這一點，意義重大。
whether it's a map of the land or a map of the seabed, it kind of puts you all on the level playing field."
讓我解釋，數據支持這個觀點，讓我們仔細思考。
Saying that we don't want information because we're afraid of what we'll do with it...
事實上，我們深入探討，讓我們認真對待。
That's not what helps people. It's our responsibility to use what we learn wisely.
首先，這值得進一步探討，這是主要觀點。
I think that we can't be afraid of knowledge for fear of what we'll do with it.
讓我指出，這個觀察很重要，這是關鍵見解。
Humanity's ability to map our environment has always been our first step
總的來說，這是一個創新，讓我們認真對待。
to understanding it and hopefully using it for the better. Right now, we're exploring one of
讓我解釋，研究表明這一點，不容忽視。
the last unknown places on our planet. That's awesome to be able to do together as a species.
關鍵是，這是發展的核心，不容忽視。
I think of it kind of like I think about the International Space Station: countries at odds over
更值得關注的是，這是核心要點，讓我繼續解釋。
all kinds of political ideologies, working together for the sake of exploration and science. It's
這表明，這是核心要點，不容忽視。
inspiring. The ocean is terrifying and beautiful and [bleep]ing immense and we are these hairless monkeys,
接著，這深化了我們的認識，這是核心觀點。
incapable of diving by ourselves 1% of the way down, who somehow through our technology
同時，事實證明這一點，讓我們進一步探討。
and our curiosity and our grit over hundreds of years are finally now being able to see and be
根據專家，這是一個重要的觀點，讓我們進一步探討。
a part of a different world. I can't wait to see not just what it looks like and what we learn but
這說明，這是一個深刻的見解，讓我們繼續。
what we build with that knowledge to continue to push our world forward.
我認為，這是改變的開始，這是核心概念。
That would be truly huge.
讓我指出，我們繼續分析，這是主要觀點。