If you want to think more clearly than 99% of people, you need to think on paper. I've generated over $500 million in sales for brands like Shopify and

如果你想比 99% 的人思考得更清晰，你需要在紙上思考。我為 Shopify 和

Canva, and I have learned that the top 1% follow a process that allows them to think so clearly. So, these are the six principles you need to think better than

Canva 等品牌創造了超過 5 億美元的銷售額，我學到了頂尖 1% 的人遵循一個讓他們思考如此清晰的過程。所以，這是你需要的六個原則，讓你比

99% of people. First, let's talk about why you're drowning in content but not getting smarter. So, information is cheap. It's everywhere. facts, stats, quotes, frameworks. You can find all of

99% 的人思考得更好。首先，讓我們談談為什麼你淹沒在內容中卻沒有變得更聰明。所以，資訊是廉價的。它無處不在。事實、數據、名言、框架。你可以在幾秒鐘內

it online in seconds. But information doesn't change you. It doesn't make you smarter. It just clogs your brain with noise until you can't think straight anymore. Your brain doesn't magically

在網上找到所有這些。但資訊不會改變你。它不會讓你更聰明。它只是用噪音堵塞你的大腦，直到你無法再清晰思考。你的大腦不會神奇地

upgrade data into understanding. If you want to learn something deeply, you need to understand the cycle of learning.

把數據升級為理解。如果你想深入學習某件事，你需要理解學習的循環。

Information, knowledge, understanding, intelligence, wisdom. Information is raw data. Knowledge is when you connect facts and give them context.

資訊、知識、理解、智力、智慧。資訊是原始數據。知識是當你連接事實並給它們上下文。

Understanding is when you take a concept apart and rebuild it. Intelligence is your capacity to reason and problem solve. And wisdom is knowing what to do with what you know and actually applying

理解是當你把一個概念拆開並重建它。智力是你推理和解決問題的能力。而智慧是知道如何處理你所知道的並實際應用

it in real life. But here's the thing.

它在現實生活中。但事情是這樣的。

Wisdom isn't like reserved for old people. It's achievable right now through application. This is why writing matters so much. When you interact with a piece of paper, you're moving from information to intelligence by

智慧不是保留給老年人的。它通過應用現在就可以實現。這就是為什麼寫作如此重要。當你與一張紙互動時，你通過

externalizing your thoughts. And this is why the next six principles will help you think better. Principle number one, your brain can only hold four thoughts

外化你的思想，從資訊移動到智力。這就是為什麼接下來的六個原則將幫助你更好地思考。原則一，你的大腦一次只能容納四個想法

at once. Back in the ' 50s, there was a study that said we can hold seven things in our working memory. But then another researcher came along and said, "Hold

。在 50 年代，有一項研究說我們的工作記憶可以容納七件事。但後來另一位研究員說：「等等

up, it's actually four." So when you're trying to solve a problem or make a decision, your brain is juggling max four things at once. It can't do more than that. Your thoughts feel brilliant

，實際上是四個。」所以當你試圖解決問題或做決定時，你的大腦最多同時處理四件事。它做不了更多。你的想法在腦海中感覺

and clear in your head because your brain is only doing the cognitive equivalent of like highlighting the one sentence it can see. Writing allows you to externalize those four items onto the

很清晰很聰明，因為你的大腦只是在做相當於標亮它能看到的一句話的認知行為。寫作允許你把那四個項目外化到

page, freeing up your working memory to process and reason more. And this reveals the thought that lies beyond this limit, often causing the brilliant idea to collapse. But the collapse is

紙上，釋放你的工作記憶來處理和推理更多。這揭示了超出這個限制的想法，經常導致那個絕妙的點子崩塌。但崩塌

not a problem. It's actually the thinking. And you should use this to your advantage. So next time you're stuck on a problem, grab a piece of paper and a pen and externalize all four

不是問題。它實際上是思考。你應該利用這一點。所以下次你被問題卡住時，拿一張紙和一支筆，把你大腦正在處理的四件事

things your brain is juggling. Then just read it back. You'll immediately see the holes in your logic that felt invisible when it was just in your head. Principle

外化出來。然後讀回來。你會立刻看到你邏輯中的漏洞，這些在只在腦海中時感覺看不見。原則

two is one I use all the time. Drawing doubles what you remember. There's a 2016 study called the drawing effect where they had participants either write

二是我一直在用的。畫圖使你記住的東西翻倍。有一項 2016 年的研究叫做畫圖效應，他們讓參與者要麼寫

down a word or draw a simple picture of it. Now, here is the twist. The people who drew the picture recalled nearly double the information compared to the

下一個詞，要麼畫一張簡單的圖。現在，重點來了。畫圖的人回憶的資訊幾乎是

people who just wrote the word. I use this all the time with people. I have them draw out this thing I call the sunshine growth model. It's three concentric circles with four rays coming

只寫詞的人的兩倍。我和人們一直用這個方法。我讓他們畫出這個我稱為陽光成長模型的東西。它是三個同心圓，有四條射線延伸

off of it. We spend like 15 minutes drawing it together, labeling each part, ranking where they're strong and where they're weak. And consistently, people tell me they loved that exercise more

出來。我們花大約 15 分鐘一起畫，標記每個部分，排名他們的優勢和弱點。人們一直告訴我，他們最喜歡那個練習

than anything else because they could see their business and know exactly what to fix. The reason this works so well is that drawing engages three types of processing at once. Semantic, visual,

因為他們可以看到自己的業務並確切知道要修復什麼。這個方法之所以如此有效，是因為畫圖同時啟動三種處理方式。語義、視覺、

and motor. Semantic processing means you're thinking about the meaning of what you're drawing. Visual processing means you're creating a mental picture and motor processing means you're physically moving your hand to create

和運動。語義處理意味著你在思考你正在畫的東西的意義。視覺處理意味著你在創建心理圖像，運動處理意味著你在物理地移動手來創建

the image. When all three fire at once, your brain creates a richer memory trace. So next time you learn a framework or concept, just grab a piece

圖像。當這三者同時啟動時，你的大腦創建更豐富的記憶痕跡。所以下次你學習一個框架或概念時，就拿一張

of paper, draw it out. Even if it's just circles, boxes, arrows, the act of drawing forces your brain to process it three different ways at once, which is

紙，畫出來。即使只是圓圈、方框、箭頭，畫圖的行為迫使你的大腦以三種不同的方式同時處理它，這就是

why you'll remember it twice as well. Next up, number three, handwriting forces friction. In 2014, scientists did a study called the pen is mightier than the keyboard, and it showed that people

為什麼你會記得兩倍好。接下來，第三，手寫創造摩擦力。2014 年，科學家做了一項研究叫做筆比鍵盤更有力量，它顯示

who type their notes produce way more words. Meanwhile, the people who handwrite physically can't keep up. But that inability is actually what makes this so powerful. So my handwriting is

打字做筆記的人產生更多的字。同時，手寫的人在物理上跟不上。但那種跟不上實際上是這麼強大的原因。所以我的手寫字

absolute garbage. But I write stuff down anyway because I know I can't just transcribe. I have to process. If writing feels hard, it means your brain has basically stopped skating on the

非常糟糕。但我還是寫下東西，因為我知道我不能只是抄寫。我必須處理。如果寫作感覺困難，這意味著你的大腦基本上停止了在

surface and has started tunneling into meaning. That difficulty is the point.

表面滑行，開始挖掘意義。那種困難就是重點。

Your brain encodes information differently when you're forced to work for it. Typing is just too easy. So your brain doesn't bother encoding it deeply.

當你被迫付出努力時，你的大腦編碼資訊的方式不同。打字太容易了。所以你的大腦不會費心深度編碼它。

But handwriting creates this desirable difficulty. It's hard enough that your brain has to actually work, which means the information sticks. So start carrying a notebook and handwrite your notes when learning something new. Don't

但手寫創造了這種有益的困難。它足夠困難，你的大腦必須真正工作，這意味著資訊會留下來。所以開始帶一本筆記本，學習新東西時手寫你的筆記。不要

just transcribe word for word. Force yourself to compress what you're hearing into your own words, which engages all three types of processing at once.

只是逐字抄寫。強迫自己把你聽到的壓縮成自己的話，這會同時啟動三種處理方式。

Principle number four is next. You need to do it the right way by synthesizing your thoughts. There was this analysis in the 2000s of 50 different writing tolearn studies and it completely

原則四是下一個。你需要通過綜合你的想法來正確地做這件事。2000 年代有一項分析，涵蓋 50 項不同的寫作學習研究，它完全

changed how everyone thinks about writing. Now the big takeaway was that writing doesn't help because you're taking notes. It helps because it forces a transformation of knowledge. Someone

改變了每個人對寫作的看法。現在，重要的要點是，寫作不是因為你在做筆記才有幫助。它有幫助是因為它迫使知識的轉化。一個

who rewrites the concept in their own words learns way more than someone who just like writes down verbatim information. And this connects to something called Kohl's learning cycle.

用自己的話重寫概念的人比只是逐字寫下資訊的人學到更多。這與一個叫做科爾布學習循環的東西有關。

So learning requires four steps. Concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation. So concrete experience is like actually touching the hot stove. You're living it. Reflective observation is stepping back and

所以學習需要四個步驟。具體經驗、反思觀察、抽象概念化和主動實驗。所以具體經驗就像實際觸摸熱爐。你在經歷它。反思觀察是退後一步

thinking, okay, what just happened? Abstract conceptualization is when you connect the dots and go, oh, hot things burn. And active experimentation is testing it. like what if I touch it

思考，好的，剛才發生了什麼？抽象概念化是當你連接點並說，哦，熱的東西會燙傷。而主動實驗是測試它，比如如果我再碰一下

again but faster. Writing fulfills three of those steps. Reflective observation, conceptualization, and experimentation, which makes it an act of application, not just documentation. This is why most people forget almost everything from the

但更快呢。寫作完成了其中三個步驟。反思觀察、概念化和實驗，這使它成為一種應用行為，而不僅僅是記錄。這就是為什麼大多數人幾乎忘記了

self-help books that they read. They consume them, feel inspired in the moment, but they don't write about what they learned or apply it to their lives.

他們讀的自助書籍的所有內容。他們消費它們，在那一刻感到受啟發，但他們沒有寫下他們學到的東西或把它應用到生活中。

So, their brains just like dump it. After every learning session, write a onepage summary of what you learned and how you'll apply it. Don't just list the facts. Explain what you're going to do

所以，他們的大腦就把它丟掉了。每次學習後，寫一頁關於你學到了什麼以及你將如何應用的摘要。不要只是列出事實。解釋你現在要

differently now. Then pick one concept and apply it today. Number five is something that completely flipped my creative process. Action generates ideas and clarity. There's this field called distributed cognition and it studies how

做什麼不同的事。然後選一個概念，今天就應用它。第五是完全翻轉了我創作過程的東西。行動產生點子和清晰度。有一個叫分散認知的領域，它研究

thinking doesn't happen in the brain alone. It happens in a system that includes your brain, the environment, the tools you're using, and the representations that you create. Now, this matters because understanding this

思考不僅僅發生在大腦中。它發生在一個系統中，包括你的大腦、環境、你使用的工具和你創建的表徵。現在，這很重要，因為理解這一點

is one of the easiest ways to kill writer's block. So, when I'm drafting copy, for example, I don't just sit down and think of the perfect hook. I write

是克服寫作障礙最簡單的方法之一。所以，當我在寫文案時，例如，我不只是坐下來想完美的開頭。我先寫

10 tragically terrible hooks first and then the 11th one might be good. The reason this works is explained by the researcher Carl Vik who studied crisis teams, firefighting crews, air traffic

10 個極其糟糕的開頭，然後第 11 個可能是好的。這個方法有效的原因由研究員卡爾·韋克解釋，他研究了危機團隊、消防人員、航空交通

controllers, people like that. He found that people do not analyze and then act.

管制員，這類人。他發現人們不是先分析然後行動。

They act first and then they understand their analysis retroactively. Writing is an action. That means writing generates clarity, not the other way around. You don't have to arrive at clarity before

他們先行動，然後事後理解他們的分析。寫作是一種行動。這意味著寫作產生清晰度，而不是反過來。你不必在

you write. You write your way toward clarity. As I'm writing and looking at what I've written, my brain reacts to it, that reaction spawns another idea, and it's this feedback loop between my

寫之前達到清晰度。你通過寫作走向清晰度。當我寫作並看著我寫的東西時，我的大腦對它做出反應，那個反應產生另一個點子，這是我的

mind and the page. So, stop waiting for the perfect idea. Start writing the bad ideas first, and then let the good ones emerge. When you're stuck on a decision,

思維和紙張之間的反饋循環。所以，停止等待完美的點子。先寫糟糕的點子，然後讓好的點子浮現。當你對一個決定感到困惑時，

write out all the options as if they're already decided, then see which feels most plausible. And the last principle, private writing exposes truth.

把所有選項寫出來，就好像它們已經決定了，然後看看哪個感覺最合理。最後一個原則，私人寫作揭示真相。

Researcher James Pennaker conducted experiments where he had people write for 15 minutes a day for 4 days about traumatic or highly emotional experiences. He found that people who did this had fewer doctor visits,

研究員詹姆斯·潘納貝克進行了實驗，讓人們每天寫 15 分鐘，連續 4 天，關於創傷性或高度情緒化的經歷。他發現這樣做的人看醫生的次數更少，

improved immune function, better academic performance, clearer thinking, and improved working memory. The reason is that writing privately allows your brain to construct a coherent narrative out of chaotic data. If you're not

免疫功能改善，學業成績更好，思維更清晰，工作記憶改善。原因是私人寫作允許你的大腦從混亂的數據中構建一個連貫的敘事。如果你不

taking time to process it, you're just stuck in that chaos. This is also useful because most of the time we don't question our own thoughts. They just

花時間處理它，你就只是困在那個混亂中。這也很有用，因為大多數時候我們不質疑自己的想法。它們就

feel real. If I think something, it must be true, right? But writing creates this cognitive distance where you can see your thought as an object on the page,

感覺是真的。如果我想到什麼，它一定是真的，對吧？但寫作創造了這種認知距離，你可以把你的想法看作頁面上的一個物體，

not just a feeling in your head. Now, I do this all the time when I'm writing copy or working through messaging. I'll write something down, read it back, and

而不只是你腦海中的一種感覺。現在，我在寫文案或處理訊息時一直這樣做。我會寫下某些東西，讀回來，然後

think, "Wait, that's not actually true." Here's the thing. If you never externalize your thoughts, you never really evaluate them. You just keep operating on autopilot, assuming that you're right. Writing is how you develop

想，「等等，那實際上不是真的。」事情是這樣的。如果你從不外化你的想法，你就從未真正評估它們。你只是繼續自動駕駛，假設你是對的。寫作是你發展

metacognition, the ability to think about your thinking. When you see your thought on the page, you can ask, "Is this accurate? Is this true?" Writing forces you to confront gaps in your

元認知的方式，思考你的思考的能力。當你在紙上看到你的想法時，你可以問，「這準確嗎？這是真的嗎？」寫作迫使你面對你

knowledge, holes in your logic, and blind spots you did not even know you had. But above all, when you only write in polished ways, only for publication, only for social media, your thinking

知識中的空白、邏輯中的漏洞，以及你甚至不知道自己有的盲點。但最重要的是，當你只以精緻的方式寫作，只為發表，只為社交媒體，你的思考

stays shallow. You're performing instead of processing. But when you write privately, you give yourself permission to just be messy, to contradict yourself, to explore ideas that actually might be wrong. And that's where your

就很膚淺。你是在表演而不是處理。但當你私下寫作時，你給自己許可可以很混亂，可以自相矛盾，可以探索可能實際上是錯誤的點子。那就是你

best thinking can happen. To make the most out of this, start a daily writing practice where nobody will ever see what you write. Write for 10 minutes every morning about chaotic thoughts,

最好的思考可以發生的地方。為了充分利用這一點，開始每天的寫作練習，沒有人會看到你寫的東西。每天早上寫 10 分鐘關於混亂的想法，

emotional reactions, or confusing situations. Then read it back and look for places where you're making assumptions, or contradicting yourself.

情緒反應，或令人困惑的情況。然後讀回來，尋找你做假設或自相矛盾的地方。

If you like this video, please like and subscribe. And if you want to learn how to speak like the 1%, watch this video

如果你喜歡這個影片，請按讚並訂閱。如果你想學習如何像頂尖 1% 那樣說話，看這個影片