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for 7 years in a row Finland has come out on the top of the world happiness rankings but when camera Crews land in helsy they find that the fins are fairly
連續7年，芬蘭在世界幸福指數排名中名列前茅。但當攝影團隊降落在赫爾辛基時，他們發現芬蘭人相當
subdued we are quite quiet we are quite serious so how did they get to the top of the list how are they measuring this what is the scale and then you get very
內斂。我們相當安靜，我們相當嚴肅。那他們是怎麼登上榜首的？他們是怎麼衡量這個的？什麼是衡量標準？然後你就變得非常
existential it's like what is happiness hello hello I called up some people in New York to ask them the exact survey question they use to rank the country
哲學化，像是「什麼是幸福」？哈囉哈囉。我打電話給紐約的一些人，問他們用來對國家進行排名的確切調查問題。
my God I wanted to know what does this question really measure it turns out that if you pick a different question to ask you get a different unexpected happiest country on
天啊。我想知道這個問題到底衡量的是什麼。結果證明，如果你選擇一個不同的問題來問，你會得到一個不同的、意想不到的世界
Earth the world happiness report which publishes these rankings comes from a very specific context it wasn't like people were just sitting around wanting to rank all the countries in the world
最幸福國家。世界幸福報告發布這些排名，來自一個非常特定的背景。人們不是只是閒坐著想要對世界上所有國家進行排名，
and if you think back like 15 years ago it would have been like 2008 9 right that was the that was the big financial crash Global recession I think this is the most
如果你回想大約15年前，那應該是2008、09年，對吧，那是那場大金融崩潰，全球衰退。我認為這是郵
significant financial crisis in the PO and it was part of a push to get governments to deprioritize GDP as the key measure with which we judge the progress of Nations or the quality of
報以來最嚴重的金融危機。這是推動政府降低GDP作為我們判斷國家進步或人們生活質量的關鍵指標的一部分。
people's lives and this was really pioneered by the country Bhutan the GDP Le development model that compels boundless growth no longer made makes economic sense their prime minister at
這真正是由不丹這個國家開創的。迫使無限增長的GDP引導的發展模式在經濟上已經不再合理。他們當時的總理
the time became a kind of Ambassador at the UN for this idea of measuring happiness and he led a really big meeting in 2012 and the first world happiness report was prepared for that
在聯合國成為這個衡量幸福想法的某種大使，他在2012年主持了一個非常大的會議，第一份世界幸福報告就是為那個
occasion so then it was suggested that we should produce a report annually and that's the way it has been ever since and did that initial report have a
場合準備的。然後有人建議我們應該每年發布一份報告，從那以後一直如此。那份最初的報告有
specific goal or audience in mind the motion was intended to be addressed to national government members of the UN if they're asked to think of policies in terms of well their effects on
特定的目標或受眾嗎？這個動議是針對聯合國成員國的國家政府的。如果他們被要求從政策對
well-being if they don't know anything about how various policies affect well-being then what can they do the world happiness report which we should say is a big document full of
幸福影響的角度來思考，如果他們對各種政策如何影響幸福一無所知，那他們能做什麼？世界幸福報告——我們應該說這是一份充滿
information it's not just a ranking of countries it relies on a data source called the gallop world pole brief aside in my brain it's called the gallop pole because it was originally like someone
資訊的大文件，它不僅僅是國家排名——它依賴一個叫做蓋洛普世界民調的數據來源。順便說一下，在我腦中它叫蓋洛普民調是因為它最初好像是有人騎馬
riding around on a horse collecting information but I just realized that is probably entirely made up by like my childhood imagination the George Gallup World Poll is a huge effort to survey a
四處收集資訊，但我剛意識到那可能完全是我童年想像力編造的。蓋洛普世界民調是一項龐大的努力，在每個國家調查
thousand people in each country on a bunch of questions related to people's lives and their opinions in countries where they can't reach people on the phone they actually go door too and
一千人，問他們關於生活和觀點的一系列問題。在他們無法通過電話聯繫人的國家，他們實際上會挨家挨戶，
they've been doing this continuously since 2005 they say that their sample represents more than 95% of the adult human population I'm just curious do they try to get a representative cross-section of these
他們從2005年以來一直持續這樣做。他們說他們的樣本代表了超過95%的成年人口。我很好奇，他們是否試圖獲得這些
countries because I've been reading a lot about political polls right now and one of the big problems is who answers the phone you know maybe this survey is
國家的代表性橫截面，因為我最近讀了很多關於政治民調的內容，一個大問題是誰會接電話，你知道，也許這個調查
finding out how happy seniors are in a country as opposed to the entire population yes so they're definitely advertising this as a representative sample weighed based on the demographics
只是在調查一個國家的老年人有多幸福，而不是整個人口？是的，所以他們絕對是把這宣傳為基於每個國家人口統計
of each country gotcha so you have this opportunity to ask the world a question to measure their happiness what do you ask because there's lots of types of happiness you have your petting
加權的代表性樣本。明白了。所以你有這個機會問全世界一個問題來衡量他們的幸福，你問什麼？因為有很多類型的幸福。你有撫摸
a dog happiness you have your sensient sunflower happiness very very happy flower businessman dancing on the beach in slow motion happiness so these are all clips from story blocks which is the sponsor of
狗的幸福，你有有感知力的向日葵的幸福——非常非常幸福的花——商人在海灘上慢動作跳舞的幸福。這些都是來自Storyblocks的片段，這是今天
today's video at story blocks you sign up for a subscription and then you download as much as you want unlimited for one set price that's their whole thing they also have this neat feature
視頻的贊助商。在Storyblocks，你註冊訂閱，然後可以無限下載，一個固定價格。這就是他們的特點。他們還有一個很棒的功能
that recommends songs for Clips which can really change up the mood you Ed story blocks on your last video how did you feel about that yeah and at
可以為片段推薦歌曲，這真的可以改變氛圍。你上一個視頻用了Storyblocks，感覺怎麼樣？是的，在
one point I was like oh this one animation I forgot to do was an animation of the book of one of our sources so I just went to story blocks
某個時候我像是「哦，這個動畫我忘記做了」，是我們一個來源的書的動畫，所以我就去Storyblocks
and found one of their After Effects templates it was super easy awesome well to get started with unlimited stock media downloads at on head price head to story blocks.com howtown or click the
找到了他們的一個After Effects模板，超級簡單。太棒了！好吧，要開始使用一個價格無限下載素材，請前往storyblocks.com/howtown或點擊
link in the description okay where were we we were talking about what question do you ask to figure out someone's subjective well-being right so the world happiness rankings are
描述中的連結。好，我們說到哪裡了？我們在談論你問什麼問題來弄清楚某人的主觀幸福感。對，所以世界幸福排名
actually based on one single question in the Gallup World Poll and it's called the cantrol ladder it sounds like an azimov novel or something this is named after Hadley cantrol who was a American
實際上基於蓋洛普世界民調中的一個問題，叫做康特里爾階梯。聽起來像阿西莫夫小說之類的。這是以Hadley Cantril命名的，他是一位美國
psychologist who did a lot of survey work in the 1960s and it goes like this please imagine a ladder with steps numbered from zero at the bottom to 10
心理學家，在1960年代做了很多調查工作。問題是這樣的：請想像一個梯子，臺階從底部的0到頂部的10
at the top the top of the ladder represents the best life for you and the bottom of the ladder represents the worst possible life for you on which
編號。梯子頂端代表你最好的生活，梯子底部代表你最糟糕的生活。你認為你
step of the ladder would you say that you personally feel you stand at this time Cy o I'm going to say eight eight between a seven eight I would say eight
個人現在站在哪一階？噢，我會說8。8。在7和8之間。我會說8。
nine I'm not a five eight I would say I'm around a seven right now the world happiness report ranks countries by their threeyear aage on the canal ladder putting Finland
9。我不是5。8。我會說我現在大概在7。世界幸福報告根據康特里爾階梯的三年平均值對國家進行排名，把芬蘭、
Denmark and Iceland at the top of the 2024 report the US was at number 23 and at the bottom Afghanistan where people place themselves on average below the
丹麥和冰島排在2024年報告的前列。美國排在第23位，最底部是阿富汗，人們平均把自己放在梯子的
second rung of the ladder it doesn't even use the word happiness right it does not use the word happiness it's how close are you to your ideal life yes um
第二階以下。它甚至沒有用「幸福」這個詞，對吧？它沒有用幸福這個詞。它問的是你離你的理想生活有多近？是的，嗯，
which is a very specific way of defining happiness right it's it's sort of a question framed around dissatisfaction like how much further would you have to go to get to the perfect situation
這是定義幸福的一種非常特定的方式，對吧？這是一種圍繞不滿足來框架的問題——你還要走多遠才能到達完美狀態
versus how content are you right now what life factors came to mind when you think about your position on that ladder it would be physical health mental health close relationships Financial
相對於你現在有多滿足。當你想到你在那個梯子上的位置時，你想到了什麼生活因素？身體健康、心理健康、親密關係、財務
Security but now that I'm thinking about all of them I feel like it should be a seven it's kind of this very specific sort of odd construction that is basically life satisfaction or life
安全。但現在我想著所有這些，我感覺應該是7。這是一種非常特定、有點奇怪的結構，基本上就是個人和國家層面的生活滿意度或生活
evaluation at a personal level and National level this variable is highly correlated with household income or GDP per capita I took the canal ladder scores for each country and plotted them
評估。這個變量與家庭收入或人均GDP高度相關。我把每個國家的康特里爾階梯分數和人均GDP繪製在一起，
against GDP per capita and the richest countries aren't the ones with the highest life satisfaction but there's clearly a strong relationship year after year these reports come out showing the wealthy
最富裕的國家不是生活滿意度最高的，但顯然有很強的關係。年復一年，這些報告出來都顯示富裕
countries at the top of the ladder and the poor countries at the bottom we uh in Psychology probably want to look at other aspects of well-being as well that
國家在梯子頂端，窮國在底部。我們在心理學中可能想要看看幸福的其他方面，
goes deeper like emotional aspects of well-being purpose in life Direction in life uh sense of meaning it does seem like this life satisfaction or this cancal latter question it's kind of
更深層的，像幸福的情感方面，生活的目的，生活的方向，意義感。這個生活滿意度或康特里爾階梯問題似乎是一種
flexible in the sense that it doesn't prejudge what well-being is made out of it allows the respondent to kind of decide that for themselves the way the question is framed uh using the latter
靈活的方式，它不預判幸福由什麼組成，它允許受訪者自己決定。問題的框架方式，使用梯子
analogy you are basically asking people to look at life vertically and as a competition I initially thought of six and I was thinking of uh the economy and
的類比，你基本上是在要求人們垂直地、作為競爭來看待生活。我最初想到6，我想的是經濟和
in terms of uh financially would I be able to make it as great as my parents did by giving me the opportunity to like come all the way halfway around the
財務方面——我能像我父母那樣成功嗎，他們給了我機會從世界的另一邊來
world and study and live a life here and will I be able to give it back to them or to uh someone else there's so many measurable things
學習並在這裡生活，我能不能回報他們或其他人？我們生活中有這麼多可衡量的東西
in our lives that are related to wealth it's like what salary do we have what can we afford in rent and so if you're asking people to put your life on a
與財富相關，比如我們賺多少錢，我們能付得起多少房租。所以如果你要求人們把生活放在一個
scale I think your mind might automatically go there you know there are some things about a housing crisis and I think that a place that had a little bit more breathing room had a
等級上，我認為你的思維可能會自動往那裡走。你知道有一些關於住房危機的事情，我認為一個有更多喘息空間、
little bit more uh space a little less Mo I I've pretty much been successful and everything I put my mind to in terms of um professional career-wise and so
更多空間、少一點壓力的地方……我幾乎在職業方面投入心思的所有事情上都很成功，所以
that's what puts me at an AG so you you want to feel secure financially and economically right so that's an important part of U wellbeing uh but because this uh
這就是讓我達到8的原因。所以你想要財務和經濟上的安全感，對吧，這是幸福的重要部分，但因為這個
particular item is too close to economic indicators I think this doesn't serve the purpose of going Beyond GDP per capita now there's a whole other way of defining happiness that isn't as tied to
特定項目太接近經濟指標了，我認為這並不能達到超越人均GDP的目的。現在有一種完全不同的定義幸福的方式，與
your country's economy so instead of asking how good you feel about your life we can ask how good you feel in your life this is called positive affect in
你國家的經濟關係不那麼緊密。所以不是問你對自己的生活感覺有多好，我們可以問你在生活中感覺有多好。這在
the world's happiness report and it combines three yes or no questions on the gallop World Poll did you experience enjoyment during a lot of the day yesterday oh my gosh no
世界幸福報告中被稱為正面情感，它結合了蓋洛普世界民調中的三個是或否問題。你昨天大部分時間有享受嗎？天啊不。
yes yes I enjoyed yesterday because I was with my children did you learn or do something interesting yesterday yes yes no did you smile or laugh a lot
是的。是的，我昨天很享受，因為我和孩子們在一起。你昨天有學到或做什麼有趣的事嗎？是的。是的。不。你昨天有笑很多嗎？
yesterday also yes yeah I did yeah I want to say yes but I don't think I did these are the countries that rank highest on this measure oh wow Guatemala coming in
也是的。是的，我有。是的，我想說是，但我不確定我有。這些是在這個指標上排名最高的國家。哇，危地馬拉排
number one so it's a lot of Central American countries that are at the top right Guatemala El Salvador are both places with very violent recent histories and they're so happy basically
第一。所以有很多中美洲國家排在前面。危地馬拉、薩爾瓦多都是最近歷史上非常暴力的地方，但他們很幸福，基本上
by the warmth and quality of their intergenerational social connections and this measure of how much people are enjoying themselves is not strongly linked to GDP any of these countries that are clustered
是因為他們跨代社會聯繫的溫暖和質量。而這個衡量人們有多享受自己的指標與GDP沒有很強的關聯。任何聚集在
near the rich end you can find a country that's on the poor end that has a similar level of Happiness so we have the Nordic countries as a hot spot for
富裕一端的國家，你都能在貧窮一端找到一個有類似幸福水平的國家。所以我們有北歐國家作為
Life satisfaction and Central America as a hot spot for positive feelings clearly the rest of us can learn something from both of them but tell me in the comments
生活滿意度的熱點，中美洲作為正面感受的熱點。顯然我們其他人都可以從他們雙方學到一些東西。但請在評論中告訴我
which of these measures tracks more closely with your own definition of Happiness regardless of which one is better to measure for these purposes there are kind of two distinct um things
這些指標中哪一個更接近你自己對幸福的定義。不管哪一個更適合衡量這些目的，這裡確實有兩個不同的東西
happening here and I'm curious why the report is called the world happiness report well there is The Branding element for sure that we measure happiness as an emotion and we measure
在發生，我很好奇為什麼這份報告叫世界幸福報告。嗯，確實有品牌因素，我們把幸福作為一種情緒來衡量，我們也衡量
how happy people are with their lives as a whole and it's the latter that's the more important because it's an evaluative measure there's one more complication that I think is worth
人們對整體生活有多幸福，而後者更重要，因為它是一種評價性的衡量。還有一個複雜的問題值得
mentioning which is that if you set aside how people really feel in their lives you may still see differences in how they say they feel in different
提到，就是如果你把人們在生活中的真實感受放在一邊，你可能仍然會看到他們在世界不同地方說的感受
parts of the world if you look at cultural psychology you'll see that there's a tendency in East Asia some studies are showing that uh a tendency to present yourself humbly and give
有差異。如果你看文化心理學，你會看到在東亞有一種傾向，一些研究顯示，人們傾向於謙虛地展示自己並給出
modest answers to questions I mean I guess it seems like if if you rank yourself higher depending on the cultural norms that could either indicate that you're sort of boasting
謙遜的答案。我想，如果你把自己排得更高，取決於文化規範，這可能表示你在炫耀
about your life it could also indicate that you have the right level of gratitude for what you have which I've heard maybe from some of the fins and
你的生活，也可能表示你對你所擁有的有適當的感恩，我聽說一些芬蘭人和
Danes about about um sort of a cultural norm against ambition or or wanting more than is necessary any any person who wants to study a concept across countries face these kind of challenges
丹麥人提到過一種反對野心或想要比必要更多的文化規範。任何想要跨國研究一個概念的人都會面臨這類挑戰。
at the moment we just can say that this item like many other items is probably also uh showing some level of bias but we don't know how much really when you
目前我們只能說，這個項目和許多其他項目可能也顯示出一定程度的偏差，但我們不知道到底有多少。當你
ask the same question around the world for decades you end up with a data set that doesn't just let you compare countries against each other but also track their wellbeing over time and with
在全世界問同一個問題幾十年，你最終會得到一個數據集，它不僅讓你比較國家之間的差異，還能追蹤它們隨時間的幸福變化。通過
statistical modeling you can tease apart which factors aside from GDP are strongly linked to how we evaluate Our Lives if you were in trouble do you have relatives or friends that you can count
統計建模，你可以分辨出除了GDP之外哪些因素與我們評估生活的方式有很強的關聯。如果你遇到麻煩，你有可以指望幫助你的
on to help you whenever you need them or not yes yes yes uh definitely this question on social support helps explain why the 20 richest countries still have different levels of
親戚或朋友嗎？是的。是的。是的，絕對有。這個關於社會支持的問題有助於解釋為什麼最富裕的20個國家仍然有不同水平的
Life satisfaction it shows us that the Nations where people get lots of support from their government are also places where they get a lot of support from the people in their
生活滿意度。它告訴我們，人們從政府那裡得到大量支持的國家，也是他們從生活中的人那裡得到大量支持的
lives this whole weekend I spent time talking to strangers about these things asking them these Gallop world pole questions asking them about what makes them happy and you know I'm aware of the
地方。整個週末我都在和陌生人談論這些事情，問他們這些蓋洛普世界民調問題，問他們什麼讓他們幸福。你知道我意識到
ways that that was not scientific right it was a weekend and um it's hard to know how much they their answers were influenced by what they think they should be saying about their own
這不是科學的，對吧，這只是一個週末，而且很難知道他們的回答在多大程度上受到他們認為應該怎麼說的影響，關於他們自己的
happiness but by and large you get these big sort of undeniable threads that have to do with relationships what do you think it would take to get you from your
幸福。但總的來說你會得到這些大的、無可否認的線索，都與關係有關。你認為需要什麼才能讓你從
eight to the 10 I find that I don't have enough of a Social Circle of Friends probably a family probably to get married and have children my three and a
8到10？我發現我沒有足夠的社交圈，朋友，可能是家庭，可能是結婚生子。我三歲半的
half-year-old niece is in Austin my family lives in Toronto and I live in New York watching her grow up would be ideal how old are you Dr that's that's
侄女在奧斯汀，我家人住在多倫多，我住在紐約。看著她長大會是理想的。你多大了？這是一個
an easy one to answer I've just had my my 87th birthday and in in all of these 87 years what have you learned about what makes a happy life uh
很容易回答的問題。我剛過了87歲生日。在這87年裡，你對什麼造就幸福的生活學到了什麼？
people happiness is having a meal laughing with the people you love over a really good meal with friends relatives and loved ones being loved and loving I'm about to marry somebody that I'm
人們的幸福是與你愛的人一起吃飯，在一頓豐盛的飯菜上和朋友、親戚和愛人一起歡笑。被愛和愛。我即將和一個我
super in love with at this stage of my life that's what it's all about having my mom to rely on hanging out with people who uh really understand you it
非常愛的人結婚。在人生的這個階段，這就是一切。有我媽媽可以依靠，和真正理解你的人在一起，
it puts my heart at EAS is one of the greatest joys in life thank you so much for watching we have some good news here at howtown our
讓我的心感到安寧，是人生最大的喜悅之一。非常感謝你的觀看。我們有一些好消息要在howtown這裡分享。我們的
work is Now supported by the Alfred P Sloan foundation in association with IMI which is the Independent Media initiative the Sloan Foundation is enhancing public understanding of Science and Technology in the modern era
工作現在得到了Alfred P. Sloan基金會的支持，與IMI（獨立媒體倡議）合作。Sloan基金會正在增進公眾對現代科學技術的理解。
we also rely on our beloved patreon supporters and that's where you can go to find our extended discussion of Happiness research you could change your position on the ladder by simply
我們也依賴我們親愛的Patreon支持者，那裡你可以找到我們對幸福研究的延伸討論。你可以通過簡單地
changing your expectations right just chop off the top of your ladder now you're at you're out of 10 this is the wisdom of Buddhism right chop the ladder
改變你的期望來改變你在梯子上的位置，對吧？只要砍掉梯子的頂部，現在你就是滿分10分了。這就是佛教的智慧，對吧？砍掉梯子。
that's as Buddha once said chop the ladder
就像佛陀曾經說過的，砍掉梯子。
點擊句子跳轉到對應位置
for 7 years in a row Finland has come out on the top of the world happiness rankings but when camera Crews land in helsy they find that the fins are fairly
連續7年，芬蘭在世界幸福指數排名中名列前茅。但當攝影團隊降落在赫爾辛基時，他們發現芬蘭人相當
subdued we are quite quiet we are quite serious so how did they get to the top of the list how are they measuring this what is the scale and then you get very
內斂。我們相當安靜，我們相當嚴肅。那他們是怎麼登上榜首的？他們是怎麼衡量這個的？什麼是衡量標準？然後你就變得非常
existential it's like what is happiness hello hello I called up some people in New York to ask them the exact survey question they use to rank the country
哲學化，像是「什麼是幸福」？哈囉哈囉。我打電話給紐約的一些人，問他們用來對國家進行排名的確切調查問題。
my God I wanted to know what does this question really measure it turns out that if you pick a different question to ask you get a different unexpected happiest country on
天啊。我想知道這個問題到底衡量的是什麼。結果證明，如果你選擇一個不同的問題來問，你會得到一個不同的、意想不到的世界
Earth the world happiness report which publishes these rankings comes from a very specific context it wasn't like people were just sitting around wanting to rank all the countries in the world
最幸福國家。世界幸福報告發布這些排名，來自一個非常特定的背景。人們不是只是閒坐著想要對世界上所有國家進行排名，
and if you think back like 15 years ago it would have been like 2008 9 right that was the that was the big financial crash Global recession I think this is the most
如果你回想大約15年前，那應該是2008、09年，對吧，那是那場大金融崩潰，全球衰退。我認為這是郵
significant financial crisis in the PO and it was part of a push to get governments to deprioritize GDP as the key measure with which we judge the progress of Nations or the quality of
報以來最嚴重的金融危機。這是推動政府降低GDP作為我們判斷國家進步或人們生活質量的關鍵指標的一部分。
people's lives and this was really pioneered by the country Bhutan the GDP Le development model that compels boundless growth no longer made makes economic sense their prime minister at
這真正是由不丹這個國家開創的。迫使無限增長的GDP引導的發展模式在經濟上已經不再合理。他們當時的總理
the time became a kind of Ambassador at the UN for this idea of measuring happiness and he led a really big meeting in 2012 and the first world happiness report was prepared for that
在聯合國成為這個衡量幸福想法的某種大使，他在2012年主持了一個非常大的會議，第一份世界幸福報告就是為那個
occasion so then it was suggested that we should produce a report annually and that's the way it has been ever since and did that initial report have a
場合準備的。然後有人建議我們應該每年發布一份報告，從那以後一直如此。那份最初的報告有
specific goal or audience in mind the motion was intended to be addressed to national government members of the UN if they're asked to think of policies in terms of well their effects on
特定的目標或受眾嗎？這個動議是針對聯合國成員國的國家政府的。如果他們被要求從政策對
well-being if they don't know anything about how various policies affect well-being then what can they do the world happiness report which we should say is a big document full of
幸福影響的角度來思考，如果他們對各種政策如何影響幸福一無所知，那他們能做什麼？世界幸福報告——我們應該說這是一份充滿
information it's not just a ranking of countries it relies on a data source called the gallop world pole brief aside in my brain it's called the gallop pole because it was originally like someone
資訊的大文件，它不僅僅是國家排名——它依賴一個叫做蓋洛普世界民調的數據來源。順便說一下，在我腦中它叫蓋洛普民調是因為它最初好像是有人騎馬
riding around on a horse collecting information but I just realized that is probably entirely made up by like my childhood imagination the George Gallup World Poll is a huge effort to survey a
四處收集資訊，但我剛意識到那可能完全是我童年想像力編造的。蓋洛普世界民調是一項龐大的努力，在每個國家調查
thousand people in each country on a bunch of questions related to people's lives and their opinions in countries where they can't reach people on the phone they actually go door too and
一千人，問他們關於生活和觀點的一系列問題。在他們無法通過電話聯繫人的國家，他們實際上會挨家挨戶，
they've been doing this continuously since 2005 they say that their sample represents more than 95% of the adult human population I'm just curious do they try to get a representative cross-section of these
他們從2005年以來一直持續這樣做。他們說他們的樣本代表了超過95%的成年人口。我很好奇，他們是否試圖獲得這些
countries because I've been reading a lot about political polls right now and one of the big problems is who answers the phone you know maybe this survey is
國家的代表性橫截面，因為我最近讀了很多關於政治民調的內容，一個大問題是誰會接電話，你知道，也許這個調查
finding out how happy seniors are in a country as opposed to the entire population yes so they're definitely advertising this as a representative sample weighed based on the demographics
只是在調查一個國家的老年人有多幸福，而不是整個人口？是的，所以他們絕對是把這宣傳為基於每個國家人口統計
of each country gotcha so you have this opportunity to ask the world a question to measure their happiness what do you ask because there's lots of types of happiness you have your petting
加權的代表性樣本。明白了。所以你有這個機會問全世界一個問題來衡量他們的幸福，你問什麼？因為有很多類型的幸福。你有撫摸
a dog happiness you have your sensient sunflower happiness very very happy flower businessman dancing on the beach in slow motion happiness so these are all clips from story blocks which is the sponsor of
狗的幸福，你有有感知力的向日葵的幸福——非常非常幸福的花——商人在海灘上慢動作跳舞的幸福。這些都是來自Storyblocks的片段，這是今天
today's video at story blocks you sign up for a subscription and then you download as much as you want unlimited for one set price that's their whole thing they also have this neat feature
視頻的贊助商。在Storyblocks，你註冊訂閱，然後可以無限下載，一個固定價格。這就是他們的特點。他們還有一個很棒的功能
that recommends songs for Clips which can really change up the mood you Ed story blocks on your last video how did you feel about that yeah and at
可以為片段推薦歌曲，這真的可以改變氛圍。你上一個視頻用了Storyblocks，感覺怎麼樣？是的，在
one point I was like oh this one animation I forgot to do was an animation of the book of one of our sources so I just went to story blocks
某個時候我像是「哦，這個動畫我忘記做了」，是我們一個來源的書的動畫，所以我就去Storyblocks
and found one of their After Effects templates it was super easy awesome well to get started with unlimited stock media downloads at on head price head to story blocks.com howtown or click the
找到了他們的一個After Effects模板，超級簡單。太棒了！好吧，要開始使用一個價格無限下載素材，請前往storyblocks.com/howtown或點擊
link in the description okay where were we we were talking about what question do you ask to figure out someone's subjective well-being right so the world happiness rankings are
描述中的連結。好，我們說到哪裡了？我們在談論你問什麼問題來弄清楚某人的主觀幸福感。對，所以世界幸福排名
actually based on one single question in the Gallup World Poll and it's called the cantrol ladder it sounds like an azimov novel or something this is named after Hadley cantrol who was a American
實際上基於蓋洛普世界民調中的一個問題，叫做康特里爾階梯。聽起來像阿西莫夫小說之類的。這是以Hadley Cantril命名的，他是一位美國
psychologist who did a lot of survey work in the 1960s and it goes like this please imagine a ladder with steps numbered from zero at the bottom to 10
心理學家，在1960年代做了很多調查工作。問題是這樣的：請想像一個梯子，臺階從底部的0到頂部的10
at the top the top of the ladder represents the best life for you and the bottom of the ladder represents the worst possible life for you on which
編號。梯子頂端代表你最好的生活，梯子底部代表你最糟糕的生活。你認為你
step of the ladder would you say that you personally feel you stand at this time Cy o I'm going to say eight eight between a seven eight I would say eight
個人現在站在哪一階？噢，我會說8。8。在7和8之間。我會說8。
nine I'm not a five eight I would say I'm around a seven right now the world happiness report ranks countries by their threeyear aage on the canal ladder putting Finland
9。我不是5。8。我會說我現在大概在7。世界幸福報告根據康特里爾階梯的三年平均值對國家進行排名，把芬蘭、
Denmark and Iceland at the top of the 2024 report the US was at number 23 and at the bottom Afghanistan where people place themselves on average below the
丹麥和冰島排在2024年報告的前列。美國排在第23位，最底部是阿富汗，人們平均把自己放在梯子的
second rung of the ladder it doesn't even use the word happiness right it does not use the word happiness it's how close are you to your ideal life yes um
第二階以下。它甚至沒有用「幸福」這個詞，對吧？它沒有用幸福這個詞。它問的是你離你的理想生活有多近？是的，嗯，
which is a very specific way of defining happiness right it's it's sort of a question framed around dissatisfaction like how much further would you have to go to get to the perfect situation
這是定義幸福的一種非常特定的方式，對吧？這是一種圍繞不滿足來框架的問題——你還要走多遠才能到達完美狀態
versus how content are you right now what life factors came to mind when you think about your position on that ladder it would be physical health mental health close relationships Financial
相對於你現在有多滿足。當你想到你在那個梯子上的位置時，你想到了什麼生活因素？身體健康、心理健康、親密關係、財務
Security but now that I'm thinking about all of them I feel like it should be a seven it's kind of this very specific sort of odd construction that is basically life satisfaction or life
安全。但現在我想著所有這些，我感覺應該是7。這是一種非常特定、有點奇怪的結構，基本上就是個人和國家層面的生活滿意度或生活
evaluation at a personal level and National level this variable is highly correlated with household income or GDP per capita I took the canal ladder scores for each country and plotted them
評估。這個變量與家庭收入或人均GDP高度相關。我把每個國家的康特里爾階梯分數和人均GDP繪製在一起，
against GDP per capita and the richest countries aren't the ones with the highest life satisfaction but there's clearly a strong relationship year after year these reports come out showing the wealthy
最富裕的國家不是生活滿意度最高的，但顯然有很強的關係。年復一年，這些報告出來都顯示富裕
countries at the top of the ladder and the poor countries at the bottom we uh in Psychology probably want to look at other aspects of well-being as well that
國家在梯子頂端，窮國在底部。我們在心理學中可能想要看看幸福的其他方面，
goes deeper like emotional aspects of well-being purpose in life Direction in life uh sense of meaning it does seem like this life satisfaction or this cancal latter question it's kind of
更深層的，像幸福的情感方面，生活的目的，生活的方向，意義感。這個生活滿意度或康特里爾階梯問題似乎是一種
flexible in the sense that it doesn't prejudge what well-being is made out of it allows the respondent to kind of decide that for themselves the way the question is framed uh using the latter
靈活的方式，它不預判幸福由什麼組成，它允許受訪者自己決定。問題的框架方式，使用梯子
analogy you are basically asking people to look at life vertically and as a competition I initially thought of six and I was thinking of uh the economy and
的類比，你基本上是在要求人們垂直地、作為競爭來看待生活。我最初想到6，我想的是經濟和
in terms of uh financially would I be able to make it as great as my parents did by giving me the opportunity to like come all the way halfway around the
財務方面——我能像我父母那樣成功嗎，他們給了我機會從世界的另一邊來
world and study and live a life here and will I be able to give it back to them or to uh someone else there's so many measurable things
學習並在這裡生活，我能不能回報他們或其他人？我們生活中有這麼多可衡量的東西
in our lives that are related to wealth it's like what salary do we have what can we afford in rent and so if you're asking people to put your life on a
與財富相關，比如我們賺多少錢，我們能付得起多少房租。所以如果你要求人們把生活放在一個
scale I think your mind might automatically go there you know there are some things about a housing crisis and I think that a place that had a little bit more breathing room had a
等級上，我認為你的思維可能會自動往那裡走。你知道有一些關於住房危機的事情，我認為一個有更多喘息空間、
little bit more uh space a little less Mo I I've pretty much been successful and everything I put my mind to in terms of um professional career-wise and so
更多空間、少一點壓力的地方……我幾乎在職業方面投入心思的所有事情上都很成功，所以
that's what puts me at an AG so you you want to feel secure financially and economically right so that's an important part of U wellbeing uh but because this uh
這就是讓我達到8的原因。所以你想要財務和經濟上的安全感，對吧，這是幸福的重要部分，但因為這個
particular item is too close to economic indicators I think this doesn't serve the purpose of going Beyond GDP per capita now there's a whole other way of defining happiness that isn't as tied to
特定項目太接近經濟指標了，我認為這並不能達到超越人均GDP的目的。現在有一種完全不同的定義幸福的方式，與
your country's economy so instead of asking how good you feel about your life we can ask how good you feel in your life this is called positive affect in
你國家的經濟關係不那麼緊密。所以不是問你對自己的生活感覺有多好，我們可以問你在生活中感覺有多好。這在
the world's happiness report and it combines three yes or no questions on the gallop World Poll did you experience enjoyment during a lot of the day yesterday oh my gosh no
世界幸福報告中被稱為正面情感，它結合了蓋洛普世界民調中的三個是或否問題。你昨天大部分時間有享受嗎？天啊不。
yes yes I enjoyed yesterday because I was with my children did you learn or do something interesting yesterday yes yes no did you smile or laugh a lot
是的。是的，我昨天很享受，因為我和孩子們在一起。你昨天有學到或做什麼有趣的事嗎？是的。是的。不。你昨天有笑很多嗎？
yesterday also yes yeah I did yeah I want to say yes but I don't think I did these are the countries that rank highest on this measure oh wow Guatemala coming in
也是的。是的，我有。是的，我想說是，但我不確定我有。這些是在這個指標上排名最高的國家。哇，危地馬拉排
number one so it's a lot of Central American countries that are at the top right Guatemala El Salvador are both places with very violent recent histories and they're so happy basically
第一。所以有很多中美洲國家排在前面。危地馬拉、薩爾瓦多都是最近歷史上非常暴力的地方，但他們很幸福，基本上
by the warmth and quality of their intergenerational social connections and this measure of how much people are enjoying themselves is not strongly linked to GDP any of these countries that are clustered
是因為他們跨代社會聯繫的溫暖和質量。而這個衡量人們有多享受自己的指標與GDP沒有很強的關聯。任何聚集在
near the rich end you can find a country that's on the poor end that has a similar level of Happiness so we have the Nordic countries as a hot spot for
富裕一端的國家，你都能在貧窮一端找到一個有類似幸福水平的國家。所以我們有北歐國家作為
Life satisfaction and Central America as a hot spot for positive feelings clearly the rest of us can learn something from both of them but tell me in the comments
生活滿意度的熱點，中美洲作為正面感受的熱點。顯然我們其他人都可以從他們雙方學到一些東西。但請在評論中告訴我
which of these measures tracks more closely with your own definition of Happiness regardless of which one is better to measure for these purposes there are kind of two distinct um things
這些指標中哪一個更接近你自己對幸福的定義。不管哪一個更適合衡量這些目的，這裡確實有兩個不同的東西
happening here and I'm curious why the report is called the world happiness report well there is The Branding element for sure that we measure happiness as an emotion and we measure
在發生，我很好奇為什麼這份報告叫世界幸福報告。嗯，確實有品牌因素，我們把幸福作為一種情緒來衡量，我們也衡量
how happy people are with their lives as a whole and it's the latter that's the more important because it's an evaluative measure there's one more complication that I think is worth
人們對整體生活有多幸福，而後者更重要，因為它是一種評價性的衡量。還有一個複雜的問題值得
mentioning which is that if you set aside how people really feel in their lives you may still see differences in how they say they feel in different
提到，就是如果你把人們在生活中的真實感受放在一邊，你可能仍然會看到他們在世界不同地方說的感受
parts of the world if you look at cultural psychology you'll see that there's a tendency in East Asia some studies are showing that uh a tendency to present yourself humbly and give
有差異。如果你看文化心理學，你會看到在東亞有一種傾向，一些研究顯示，人們傾向於謙虛地展示自己並給出
modest answers to questions I mean I guess it seems like if if you rank yourself higher depending on the cultural norms that could either indicate that you're sort of boasting
謙遜的答案。我想，如果你把自己排得更高，取決於文化規範，這可能表示你在炫耀
about your life it could also indicate that you have the right level of gratitude for what you have which I've heard maybe from some of the fins and
你的生活，也可能表示你對你所擁有的有適當的感恩，我聽說一些芬蘭人和
Danes about about um sort of a cultural norm against ambition or or wanting more than is necessary any any person who wants to study a concept across countries face these kind of challenges
丹麥人提到過一種反對野心或想要比必要更多的文化規範。任何想要跨國研究一個概念的人都會面臨這類挑戰。
at the moment we just can say that this item like many other items is probably also uh showing some level of bias but we don't know how much really when you
目前我們只能說，這個項目和許多其他項目可能也顯示出一定程度的偏差，但我們不知道到底有多少。當你
ask the same question around the world for decades you end up with a data set that doesn't just let you compare countries against each other but also track their wellbeing over time and with
在全世界問同一個問題幾十年，你最終會得到一個數據集，它不僅讓你比較國家之間的差異，還能追蹤它們隨時間的幸福變化。通過
statistical modeling you can tease apart which factors aside from GDP are strongly linked to how we evaluate Our Lives if you were in trouble do you have relatives or friends that you can count
統計建模，你可以分辨出除了GDP之外哪些因素與我們評估生活的方式有很強的關聯。如果你遇到麻煩，你有可以指望幫助你的
on to help you whenever you need them or not yes yes yes uh definitely this question on social support helps explain why the 20 richest countries still have different levels of
親戚或朋友嗎？是的。是的。是的，絕對有。這個關於社會支持的問題有助於解釋為什麼最富裕的20個國家仍然有不同水平的
Life satisfaction it shows us that the Nations where people get lots of support from their government are also places where they get a lot of support from the people in their
生活滿意度。它告訴我們，人們從政府那裡得到大量支持的國家，也是他們從生活中的人那裡得到大量支持的
lives this whole weekend I spent time talking to strangers about these things asking them these Gallop world pole questions asking them about what makes them happy and you know I'm aware of the
地方。整個週末我都在和陌生人談論這些事情，問他們這些蓋洛普世界民調問題，問他們什麼讓他們幸福。你知道我意識到
ways that that was not scientific right it was a weekend and um it's hard to know how much they their answers were influenced by what they think they should be saying about their own
這不是科學的，對吧，這只是一個週末，而且很難知道他們的回答在多大程度上受到他們認為應該怎麼說的影響，關於他們自己的
happiness but by and large you get these big sort of undeniable threads that have to do with relationships what do you think it would take to get you from your
幸福。但總的來說你會得到這些大的、無可否認的線索，都與關係有關。你認為需要什麼才能讓你從
eight to the 10 I find that I don't have enough of a Social Circle of Friends probably a family probably to get married and have children my three and a
8到10？我發現我沒有足夠的社交圈，朋友，可能是家庭，可能是結婚生子。我三歲半的
half-year-old niece is in Austin my family lives in Toronto and I live in New York watching her grow up would be ideal how old are you Dr that's that's
侄女在奧斯汀，我家人住在多倫多，我住在紐約。看著她長大會是理想的。你多大了？這是一個
an easy one to answer I've just had my my 87th birthday and in in all of these 87 years what have you learned about what makes a happy life uh
很容易回答的問題。我剛過了87歲生日。在這87年裡，你對什麼造就幸福的生活學到了什麼？
people happiness is having a meal laughing with the people you love over a really good meal with friends relatives and loved ones being loved and loving I'm about to marry somebody that I'm
人們的幸福是與你愛的人一起吃飯，在一頓豐盛的飯菜上和朋友、親戚和愛人一起歡笑。被愛和愛。我即將和一個我
super in love with at this stage of my life that's what it's all about having my mom to rely on hanging out with people who uh really understand you it
非常愛的人結婚。在人生的這個階段，這就是一切。有我媽媽可以依靠，和真正理解你的人在一起，
it puts my heart at EAS is one of the greatest joys in life thank you so much for watching we have some good news here at howtown our
讓我的心感到安寧，是人生最大的喜悅之一。非常感謝你的觀看。我們有一些好消息要在howtown這裡分享。我們的
work is Now supported by the Alfred P Sloan foundation in association with IMI which is the Independent Media initiative the Sloan Foundation is enhancing public understanding of Science and Technology in the modern era
工作現在得到了Alfred P. Sloan基金會的支持，與IMI（獨立媒體倡議）合作。Sloan基金會正在增進公眾對現代科學技術的理解。
we also rely on our beloved patreon supporters and that's where you can go to find our extended discussion of Happiness research you could change your position on the ladder by simply
我們也依賴我們親愛的Patreon支持者，那裡你可以找到我們對幸福研究的延伸討論。你可以通過簡單地
changing your expectations right just chop off the top of your ladder now you're at you're out of 10 this is the wisdom of Buddhism right chop the ladder
改變你的期望來改變你在梯子上的位置，對吧？只要砍掉梯子的頂部，現在你就是滿分10分了。這就是佛教的智慧，對吧？砍掉梯子。
that's as Buddha once said chop the ladder
就像佛陀曾經說過的，砍掉梯子。