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- Across the globe, billions of dollars of black market oil moves through a network of aging tankers known as the dark fleet.
在全球範圍內，數十億美元的黑市石油通過一個被稱為「黑暗艦隊」的老舊油輪網絡運輸。
From high tech signal spoofing to old school disguise, these vessels employ shadowy tactics to bypass international law.
從高科技信號欺騙到老式偽裝，這些船隻使用陰暗的戰術來繞過國際法。
But a new US crackdown on Venezuelan oil is finally moving to strangle this illicit trade.
但美國對委內瑞拉石油的新打擊行動終於開始扼殺這種非法貿易。
- The dark fleet model, for now, with Venezuela, has been broken.
黑暗艦隊模式，目前就委內瑞拉而言，已經被打破了。
- The so-called dark fleet is a network of some 1,400 ships that transfer Venezuelan, Russian, and Iranian oil in violation of US and other international sanctions.
所謂的黑暗艦隊是一個由大約 1,400 艘船組成的網絡，它們違反美國和其他國際制裁運輸委內瑞拉、俄羅斯和伊朗的石油。
Analysts say about 1/5 of the world's oil is shipped by the dark fleet.
分析師說，世界上大約五分之一的石油是由黑暗艦隊運輸的。
- These tankers have been absolute cash cows for the unknown hidden people, you know, behind all of this trade.
這些油輪對於所有這些貿易背後那些不知名的隱藏人物來說，簡直就是搖錢樹。
- These vessels use a variety of deceptive tactics to avoid detection by maritime authorities.
這些船隻使用各種欺騙性戰術來避免被海事當局發現。
First, there's spoofing, when a ship broadcasts its location from one place, but is actually thousands of miles away.
首先是「欺騙」，當一艘船從一個地方廣播它的位置，但實際上卻在數千英里之外。
- Venezuela has been, you know, the OG of spoofing.
委內瑞拉一直是欺騙的元老。
They've been doing it since at least 2020.
他們至少從 2020 年就開始這樣做了。
- Vessels sailing from Asia often hit the Cape of Good Hope and suddenly cut their transponders to vanish from global tracking, known as going dark.
從亞洲出發的船隻經常到達好望角，然後突然關閉轉發器，從全球追蹤中消失，這被稱為「變暗」。
- And then it will start spoofing and it will appear to go up to Lome, Togo, when in reality it continues sailing to Venezuela, loads its cargo.
然後它會開始欺騙，看起來像是去了多哥的洛美，但實際上它繼續航行到委內瑞拉，裝載貨物。
And then when it's ready, it's sailing back, all of a sudden, that vessel will appear to come down off West Africa.
然後當它準備好了，在返航時，那艘船會突然出現在西非沿岸。
The tanker will also say that it's gonna call off Angola, for example, and it's all about deceptively trying to hide the fact that it's loaded Venezuelan oil.
油輪還會說它要停靠安哥拉之類的地方，這都是為了欺騙性地隱藏它裝載了委內瑞拉石油的事實。
- Second, vessels will use covert ship-to-ship transfers once they vanish from the digital map, like this one caught on a satellite image in the South China Sea.
第二，船隻一旦從數位地圖上消失，就會使用秘密的船對船轉運，就像這張在南海拍到的衛星圖像一樣。
- Ship-to-ship transfers are quite common in shipping, but they're done within port state limits and with port state authority.
船對船轉運在航運中很常見，但它們是在港口國範圍內並經港口國當局授權進行的。
But this is done in international waters to avoid scrutiny.
但這是在公海上進行的，以避免審查。
- Third, vessels will cycle through names and country flags to avoid detection.
第三，船隻會更換名稱和國旗以避免被發現。
Out at sea, some crews even use paint to change the vessel's name.
在海上，一些船員甚至用油漆來更改船的名稱。
The White Crane became Rane, for example. These ships register in countries with looser maritime laws, or they fly false flags and have no registration at all.
例如，白鶴號變成了 Rane 號。這些船在海事法較寬鬆的國家註冊，或者它們懸掛假旗幟，根本沒有註冊。
- So the equivalent of putting false plates on your car.
所以相當於在你的車上放假車牌。
But the problem with falsely flagged vessels, and there are literally hundreds of them now, is that they're flagless, they're lawless, and they're stateless.
但懸掛假旗船隻的問題是，而且現在有幾百艘，它們沒有旗幟，沒有法律，沒有國家。
And that makes them vulnerable under the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Seas to interdiction and seizure by national authorities because they can be boarded.
根據《聯合國海洋法公約》，這使它們容易受到國家當局的攔截和沒收，因為它們可以被登船檢查。
- All of these tactics had helped Venezuelan strongman Nicolas Maduro evade US sanctions and keep oil revenue flowing.
所有這些戰術都幫助委內瑞拉強人尼古拉斯·馬杜羅躲避美國制裁並保持石油收入流動。
- In 2025, Venezuela exported roughly 800,000 barrels per day, and about 75% of that oil was done on sanctioned tonnage.
2025 年，委內瑞拉每天出口大約 80 萬桶石油，其中約 75% 是通過受制裁的噸位運輸的。
And most of that sanctioned tonnage was deploying deceptive shipping practices.
而大多數受制裁的噸位都在使用欺騙性的航運做法。
- Now, the US is cracking down and it has seized several ships engaged in deceptive practices.
現在，美國正在打擊，並已沒收了幾艘從事欺騙性做法的船隻。
The Skipper is one of those sanctioned ships.
Skipper 號是那些受制裁船隻之一。
The 20-year-old tanker spoofed her location, showing she was offshore Guyana around October 28th.
這艘 20 年船齡的油輪偽造了她的位置，顯示她在 10 月 28 日左右在圭亞那海域附近。
In reality, she sailed into Venezuelan waters, where she loaded up at the Jose Terminal.
實際上，她駛入了委內瑞拉水域，在何塞碼頭裝貨。
On December 4th, she left with about 1.8 million barrels of crude oil.
12 月 4 日，她帶著約 180 萬桶原油離開。
Two days later, she offloaded a portion of that oil to another ship offshore Curacao.
兩天後，她在庫拉索島海域將部分石油卸載到另一艘船上。
But before she got much further, the Skipper had visitors.
但在她走得更遠之前，Skipper 號迎來了訪客。
A team of US forces rappelled onto the ship, eventually redirecting the Skipper to US waters.
一支美國部隊從直升機空降到船上，最終將 Skipper 號重新導向美國水域。
- The interdiction of the Skipper gave, you know, the owners and controllers of many dark fleet vessels pause for thought.
Skipper 號的攔截讓許多黑暗艦隊船隻的船東和控制者陷入了沉思。
And so that's when we started seeing vessels sailing to Venezuela, you know, in a holding pattern for a couple of days, and then eventually they turned around.
所以那時我們開始看到駛往委內瑞拉的船隻在原地盤鏇了幾天，然後最終掉頭了。
- Since then, the US has interdicted several more tankers as it enforces a defacto blockade of Venezuelan oil, even after capturing Maduro.
從那以後，美國又攔截了幾艘油輪，執行對委內瑞拉石油的事實封鎖，即使在抓獲馬杜羅之後也是如此。
In response, some dark fleet vessels have raced to evade capture.
作為回應，一些黑暗艦隊船隻加速逃離以躲避抓捕。
The Bella 1 is just one example. As the Coast Guard chased her through the North Atlantic, the Bella 1 changed names to the Marinera and registered in Russia.
Bella 1 號就是一個例子。當海岸警衛隊在北大西洋追逐她時，Bella 1 號改名為 Marinera 並在俄羅斯註冊。
The crew even painted Marinera in Cyrillic on the side of the ship, along with Sochi, the name of its new Russian port.
船員甚至用西里爾字母在船側寫上 Marinera，還有其新俄羅斯港口的名字「索契」。
Still, US forces seized the vessel on January 7th.
儘管如此，美國部隊還是在 1 月 7 日沒收了這艘船。
- It was a fake Russian oil tanker.
那是一艘假冒的俄羅斯油輪。
They basically tried to pretend to be a Russian oil tanker in an effort to avoid the sanctions regime.
他們基本上試圖假裝是俄羅斯油輪，以逃避制裁機制。
- Analysts say that in the face of the US campaign, a number of ships are trying to seek protection under the Russian flag.
分析師說，面對美國的行動，許多船隻正試圖尋求俄羅斯國旗的保護。
- That trend accelerated so rapidly that we've seen 20 vessels reflag in, you know, since early December through to, you know, early January.
這一趨勢加速得如此之快，我們看到從 12 月初到 1 月初已有 20 艘船改掛旗幟。
And they're not just in Venezuelan waters, they're also going through the English Channel, through to the Baltic, to load crude and refined products for Russia.
它們不僅在委內瑞拉水域，還穿過英吉利海峽，前往波羅的海，為俄羅斯裝載原油和成品油。
And so this, I think, is part of Russia trying to reclaim these vessels.
所以我認為，這是俄羅斯試圖收回這些船隻的一部分。
Remember, the dark fleet is kind of like a lifeline for its energy quantities revenue.
記住，黑暗艦隊對其能源出口收入來說就像是生命線。
So they need to guarantee the safety and security of those ships.
所以他們需要保證這些船隻的安全和保障。
- Now, there are no dark fleet tankers loading up on Venezuelan oil to ship to other markets, according to shipping analytics firm Kpler.
現在，根據航運分析公司 Kpler 的數據，沒有黑暗艦隊油輪在裝載委內瑞拉石油運往其他市場。
President Trump has said the US will control Venezuelan oil exports indefinitely, and in cooperation with Venezuela's state-run oil company.
川普總統表示，美國將無限期控制委內瑞拉的石油出口，並與委內瑞拉國有石油公司合作。
- We've taken 50 million barrels of oil out of Venezuela in the first four days.
我們在頭四天內從委內瑞拉拿走了 5000 萬桶石油。
We've got millions of barrels of oil left.
我們還有數百萬桶石油。
We're selling it on the open market. - If and when sanctions are rolled back, millions of barrels of oil will be shipped on law-abiding tankers to refineries in the US.
我們正在公開市場上出售它。如果制裁被取消，數百萬桶石油將由守法油輪運往美國的煉油廠。
And analysts say it will mean the end of the dark fleet in Venezuela.
分析師說，這將意味著委內瑞拉黑暗艦隊的終結。
- We haven't seen a dark fleet vessel arrive in Venezuela in weeks.
我們已經好幾週沒有看到黑暗艦隊船隻抵達委內瑞拉了。
It's quite likely that we won't see another dark fleet tanker load there.
我們很可能不會再看到另一艘黑暗艦隊油輪在那裡裝貨了。
And when there's no more business for them, or they just get too old, too expensive to maintain, the beneficial owners just abandon the vessels and their crew.
當他們沒有更多業務，或者船隻太舊、維護太貴時，實際受益人就會拋棄船隻和船員。
- While the dark fleet may be out of opportunities in Venezuela, it could still operate globally to move Iranian and Russian oil.
雖然黑暗艦隊在委內瑞拉可能沒有機會了，但它仍可以在全球運作，運輸伊朗和俄羅斯的石油。
But some analysts say the Trump administration has created a playbook that other countries can adopt.
但一些分析師說，川普政府已經創造了一個其他國家可以採用的範本。
- I think the tolerance for the dark fleet is particularly low now.
我認為現在對黑暗艦隊的容忍度特別低。
So there could be a lot of changes in early 2026 about how western governments wanna deal with it.
所以在 2026 年初，西方政府如何處理它可能會有很多變化。
點擊句子跳轉到對應位置
- Across the globe, billions of dollars of black market oil moves through a network of aging tankers known as the dark fleet.
在全球範圍內，數十億美元的黑市石油通過一個被稱為「黑暗艦隊」的老舊油輪網絡運輸。
From high tech signal spoofing to old school disguise, these vessels employ shadowy tactics to bypass international law.
從高科技信號欺騙到老式偽裝，這些船隻使用陰暗的戰術來繞過國際法。
But a new US crackdown on Venezuelan oil is finally moving to strangle this illicit trade.
但美國對委內瑞拉石油的新打擊行動終於開始扼殺這種非法貿易。
- The dark fleet model, for now, with Venezuela, has been broken.
黑暗艦隊模式，目前就委內瑞拉而言，已經被打破了。
- The so-called dark fleet is a network of some 1,400 ships that transfer Venezuelan, Russian, and Iranian oil in violation of US and other international sanctions.
所謂的黑暗艦隊是一個由大約 1,400 艘船組成的網絡，它們違反美國和其他國際制裁運輸委內瑞拉、俄羅斯和伊朗的石油。
Analysts say about 1/5 of the world's oil is shipped by the dark fleet.
分析師說，世界上大約五分之一的石油是由黑暗艦隊運輸的。
- These tankers have been absolute cash cows for the unknown hidden people, you know, behind all of this trade.
這些油輪對於所有這些貿易背後那些不知名的隱藏人物來說，簡直就是搖錢樹。
- These vessels use a variety of deceptive tactics to avoid detection by maritime authorities.
這些船隻使用各種欺騙性戰術來避免被海事當局發現。
First, there's spoofing, when a ship broadcasts its location from one place, but is actually thousands of miles away.
首先是「欺騙」，當一艘船從一個地方廣播它的位置，但實際上卻在數千英里之外。
- Venezuela has been, you know, the OG of spoofing.
委內瑞拉一直是欺騙的元老。
They've been doing it since at least 2020.
他們至少從 2020 年就開始這樣做了。
- Vessels sailing from Asia often hit the Cape of Good Hope and suddenly cut their transponders to vanish from global tracking, known as going dark.
從亞洲出發的船隻經常到達好望角，然後突然關閉轉發器，從全球追蹤中消失，這被稱為「變暗」。
- And then it will start spoofing and it will appear to go up to Lome, Togo, when in reality it continues sailing to Venezuela, loads its cargo.
然後它會開始欺騙，看起來像是去了多哥的洛美，但實際上它繼續航行到委內瑞拉，裝載貨物。
And then when it's ready, it's sailing back, all of a sudden, that vessel will appear to come down off West Africa.
然後當它準備好了，在返航時，那艘船會突然出現在西非沿岸。
The tanker will also say that it's gonna call off Angola, for example, and it's all about deceptively trying to hide the fact that it's loaded Venezuelan oil.
油輪還會說它要停靠安哥拉之類的地方，這都是為了欺騙性地隱藏它裝載了委內瑞拉石油的事實。
- Second, vessels will use covert ship-to-ship transfers once they vanish from the digital map, like this one caught on a satellite image in the South China Sea.
第二，船隻一旦從數位地圖上消失，就會使用秘密的船對船轉運，就像這張在南海拍到的衛星圖像一樣。
- Ship-to-ship transfers are quite common in shipping, but they're done within port state limits and with port state authority.
船對船轉運在航運中很常見，但它們是在港口國範圍內並經港口國當局授權進行的。
But this is done in international waters to avoid scrutiny.
但這是在公海上進行的，以避免審查。
- Third, vessels will cycle through names and country flags to avoid detection.
第三，船隻會更換名稱和國旗以避免被發現。
Out at sea, some crews even use paint to change the vessel's name.
在海上，一些船員甚至用油漆來更改船的名稱。
The White Crane became Rane, for example. These ships register in countries with looser maritime laws, or they fly false flags and have no registration at all.
例如，白鶴號變成了 Rane 號。這些船在海事法較寬鬆的國家註冊，或者它們懸掛假旗幟，根本沒有註冊。
- So the equivalent of putting false plates on your car.
所以相當於在你的車上放假車牌。
But the problem with falsely flagged vessels, and there are literally hundreds of them now, is that they're flagless, they're lawless, and they're stateless.
但懸掛假旗船隻的問題是，而且現在有幾百艘，它們沒有旗幟，沒有法律，沒有國家。
And that makes them vulnerable under the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Seas to interdiction and seizure by national authorities because they can be boarded.
根據《聯合國海洋法公約》，這使它們容易受到國家當局的攔截和沒收，因為它們可以被登船檢查。
- All of these tactics had helped Venezuelan strongman Nicolas Maduro evade US sanctions and keep oil revenue flowing.
所有這些戰術都幫助委內瑞拉強人尼古拉斯·馬杜羅躲避美國制裁並保持石油收入流動。
- In 2025, Venezuela exported roughly 800,000 barrels per day, and about 75% of that oil was done on sanctioned tonnage.
2025 年，委內瑞拉每天出口大約 80 萬桶石油，其中約 75% 是通過受制裁的噸位運輸的。
And most of that sanctioned tonnage was deploying deceptive shipping practices.
而大多數受制裁的噸位都在使用欺騙性的航運做法。
- Now, the US is cracking down and it has seized several ships engaged in deceptive practices.
現在，美國正在打擊，並已沒收了幾艘從事欺騙性做法的船隻。
The Skipper is one of those sanctioned ships.
Skipper 號是那些受制裁船隻之一。
The 20-year-old tanker spoofed her location, showing she was offshore Guyana around October 28th.
這艘 20 年船齡的油輪偽造了她的位置，顯示她在 10 月 28 日左右在圭亞那海域附近。
In reality, she sailed into Venezuelan waters, where she loaded up at the Jose Terminal.
實際上，她駛入了委內瑞拉水域，在何塞碼頭裝貨。
On December 4th, she left with about 1.8 million barrels of crude oil.
12 月 4 日，她帶著約 180 萬桶原油離開。
Two days later, she offloaded a portion of that oil to another ship offshore Curacao.
兩天後，她在庫拉索島海域將部分石油卸載到另一艘船上。
But before she got much further, the Skipper had visitors.
但在她走得更遠之前，Skipper 號迎來了訪客。
A team of US forces rappelled onto the ship, eventually redirecting the Skipper to US waters.
一支美國部隊從直升機空降到船上，最終將 Skipper 號重新導向美國水域。
- The interdiction of the Skipper gave, you know, the owners and controllers of many dark fleet vessels pause for thought.
Skipper 號的攔截讓許多黑暗艦隊船隻的船東和控制者陷入了沉思。
And so that's when we started seeing vessels sailing to Venezuela, you know, in a holding pattern for a couple of days, and then eventually they turned around.
所以那時我們開始看到駛往委內瑞拉的船隻在原地盤鏇了幾天，然後最終掉頭了。
- Since then, the US has interdicted several more tankers as it enforces a defacto blockade of Venezuelan oil, even after capturing Maduro.
從那以後，美國又攔截了幾艘油輪，執行對委內瑞拉石油的事實封鎖，即使在抓獲馬杜羅之後也是如此。
In response, some dark fleet vessels have raced to evade capture.
作為回應，一些黑暗艦隊船隻加速逃離以躲避抓捕。
The Bella 1 is just one example. As the Coast Guard chased her through the North Atlantic, the Bella 1 changed names to the Marinera and registered in Russia.
Bella 1 號就是一個例子。當海岸警衛隊在北大西洋追逐她時，Bella 1 號改名為 Marinera 並在俄羅斯註冊。
The crew even painted Marinera in Cyrillic on the side of the ship, along with Sochi, the name of its new Russian port.
船員甚至用西里爾字母在船側寫上 Marinera，還有其新俄羅斯港口的名字「索契」。
Still, US forces seized the vessel on January 7th.
儘管如此，美國部隊還是在 1 月 7 日沒收了這艘船。
- It was a fake Russian oil tanker.
那是一艘假冒的俄羅斯油輪。
They basically tried to pretend to be a Russian oil tanker in an effort to avoid the sanctions regime.
他們基本上試圖假裝是俄羅斯油輪，以逃避制裁機制。
- Analysts say that in the face of the US campaign, a number of ships are trying to seek protection under the Russian flag.
分析師說，面對美國的行動，許多船隻正試圖尋求俄羅斯國旗的保護。
- That trend accelerated so rapidly that we've seen 20 vessels reflag in, you know, since early December through to, you know, early January.
這一趨勢加速得如此之快，我們看到從 12 月初到 1 月初已有 20 艘船改掛旗幟。
And they're not just in Venezuelan waters, they're also going through the English Channel, through to the Baltic, to load crude and refined products for Russia.
它們不僅在委內瑞拉水域，還穿過英吉利海峽，前往波羅的海，為俄羅斯裝載原油和成品油。
And so this, I think, is part of Russia trying to reclaim these vessels.
所以我認為，這是俄羅斯試圖收回這些船隻的一部分。
Remember, the dark fleet is kind of like a lifeline for its energy quantities revenue.
記住，黑暗艦隊對其能源出口收入來說就像是生命線。
So they need to guarantee the safety and security of those ships.
所以他們需要保證這些船隻的安全和保障。
- Now, there are no dark fleet tankers loading up on Venezuelan oil to ship to other markets, according to shipping analytics firm Kpler.
現在，根據航運分析公司 Kpler 的數據，沒有黑暗艦隊油輪在裝載委內瑞拉石油運往其他市場。
President Trump has said the US will control Venezuelan oil exports indefinitely, and in cooperation with Venezuela's state-run oil company.
川普總統表示，美國將無限期控制委內瑞拉的石油出口，並與委內瑞拉國有石油公司合作。
- We've taken 50 million barrels of oil out of Venezuela in the first four days.
我們在頭四天內從委內瑞拉拿走了 5000 萬桶石油。
We've got millions of barrels of oil left.
我們還有數百萬桶石油。
We're selling it on the open market. - If and when sanctions are rolled back, millions of barrels of oil will be shipped on law-abiding tankers to refineries in the US.
我們正在公開市場上出售它。如果制裁被取消，數百萬桶石油將由守法油輪運往美國的煉油廠。
And analysts say it will mean the end of the dark fleet in Venezuela.
分析師說，這將意味著委內瑞拉黑暗艦隊的終結。
- We haven't seen a dark fleet vessel arrive in Venezuela in weeks.
我們已經好幾週沒有看到黑暗艦隊船隻抵達委內瑞拉了。
It's quite likely that we won't see another dark fleet tanker load there.
我們很可能不會再看到另一艘黑暗艦隊油輪在那裡裝貨了。
And when there's no more business for them, or they just get too old, too expensive to maintain, the beneficial owners just abandon the vessels and their crew.
當他們沒有更多業務，或者船隻太舊、維護太貴時，實際受益人就會拋棄船隻和船員。
- While the dark fleet may be out of opportunities in Venezuela, it could still operate globally to move Iranian and Russian oil.
雖然黑暗艦隊在委內瑞拉可能沒有機會了，但它仍可以在全球運作，運輸伊朗和俄羅斯的石油。
But some analysts say the Trump administration has created a playbook that other countries can adopt.
但一些分析師說，川普政府已經創造了一個其他國家可以採用的範本。
- I think the tolerance for the dark fleet is particularly low now.
我認為現在對黑暗艦隊的容忍度特別低。
So there could be a lot of changes in early 2026 about how western governments wanna deal with it.
所以在 2026 年初，西方政府如何處理它可能會有很多變化。